Karst Hydrology and Physical Speleology

Bögli, Alfred; Schmid, June C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67669-7

Cited by 330 publications

(223 citation statements)

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“…This size is the effective minimum aperture for turbulent Table 3 Runoff coefficient values for representative Swiss cases. Runoff coefficient is a function of slope and vegetative cover (Sautier 1984 flow that will appear as soon as the minimum value is attained under natural conditions (Bögli 1980). The network can be more or less well developed and connected depending on the karst systems considered (Table 5).…”

Section: Attribute K: Karst Network Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method)

Doerfliger¹,

Jeannin

Zwahlen

1999

Environmental Geology

409

142

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Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland. Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of Hydrogeology of the Neuchâ-tel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes. Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover, (3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely. This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred. These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.

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Section: Attribute K: Karst Network Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method)

Doerfliger¹,

Jeannin

Zwahlen

1999

Environmental Geology

409

142

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“…Since Corbel [3] presented a method to estimate regional erosion rate by precipitations and average solved matter in water, many other direct measurement and indirect estimation methods have been presented. These mainly include (1) observation of solute load based on hydrochemical compositions [4,5]; (2) weight loss records of limestone tablets exposed in different environments [2,6]; (3) measurements on the exposed surfaces with microerosion meters [7,8]; (4) measurements of height of pedestals in exposed surface [5,9]; and (5) estimation with in situ cosmogenic nuclides 36 Cl (half-life 301 ka) [10,11]. Of these, method of in situ cosmogenic 36 Cl is considered advantageous as it records the history of long-term erosion and can minimize the uncertainty caused by the extrapolation problems that other methods need to consider.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ cosmogenic 36Cl denudation rates of carbonates in Guizhou karst area

Liu

Freeman

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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This study quantifies surface denudation of carbonate rocks by the first application of in-situ cosmogenic 36 Cl in China. Concentrations of natural Cl and in-situ cosmogenic 36 Cl in bare carbonates from Guizhou karst areas were measured with isotope dilution by accelerator mass spectrometer. The Cl concentration varied from 16 to 206 ppm. The 36 Cl concentrations were in range of (0.8-2.4)10 6 atom g −1 , resulting in total denudation rates of 20-50 mm ka −1 that averaged over a 10 4 -10 5 a timescale. The 36 Cl-denudation rates showed roughly a negative correlation with the local mean temperature. This preliminary observation may suggest the variations of proportions of chemical weathering and physical erosion in denudation process, depending upon local climatic conditions. in-situ cosmogenic 36 Cl, denudation rate, climatic condition, carbonate, Guizhou Citation:Xu S, Liu C Q, Freeman S, et al. In-situ cosmogenic 36 Cl denudation rates of carbonates in Guizhou karst area.

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“…The salt plasticity does not influence even extensive bevel-like structures in the Cave of Tří nahá~ů, which are 40 m wide. The closure of salt passages (Bögli 1980) probably starts only in a substantial depth and near-surface cavities similar to those described in Israel or Zagros Mts. are not affected by this process.…”

Section: Role Of Salt Lithology and Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Karst and Caves in Salt Diapirs, SE Zagros Mts. (Iran)

Bosák

Bruthans²,

Filippi³

et al. 2016

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Na podro~ju Perzijskega zaliva je znanih okoli 200 solnih diapirjev, med njimi mnogo aktivnih. Kra{ke kamnine predstavljajo najve~ kamena sol in redkeje sadra ter anhidrid. Kra{ke oblike, popolnoma primerljive z oblikami v "klasi~nih" karbonatnih kamninah, so najbolje razvite v ostankih uravnanih povr{ij. Tako so {kraplje, "solution pipes", vrta~e, udorne vrta~e, depresije podobne uvalam in poljem, slepe doline, soteske, ponori, izviri in jame. Tod sta bili odkriti in raziskani dve izmed najdalj{ih jam v soli na svetu. Dalj{e jame so nastale predvsem v piezometri~ni gladini, ve~je pa v diapirjih ob morski obali. Jame pogosto predstavljajo odtok iz depresij, podobnih poljem. V dnu udornih vrta~ in v ponorih so tudi strme, skoraj navpi~ne jame. Kra{ki procesi so omejeni predvsem na sol, redkeje na sadro. Predvsem gre za raztapljanje in odna{anje soli izpod neprepustnega pokrova (gypcrete). V nekaterih diapirjih je dokazano globoko kro`enje padavinske vode. Klju~ne besede: kras, jama, solni diapir, speleogeneza, jugovzhodni Zagros, Iran.

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Karst Hydrology and Physical Speleology

Cited by 330 publications

References 0 publications

Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method)

Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method)

In-situ cosmogenic 36Cl denudation rates of carbonates in Guizhou karst area

Karst and Caves in Salt Diapirs, SE Zagros Mts. (Iran)

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