Karst groundwater protection: First application of a Pan-European Approach to vulnerability, hazard and risk mapping in the Sierra de Líbar (Southern Spain)

Andreo, Bartolomé; Goldscheider, Nico; Vadillo, Iñaki; Vías, Jesús; Neukum, Christoph; Sinreich, Michael; Jiménez, Pablo Rodríguez; Brechenmacher, Julia; Carrasco, Francisco; Hötzl, H.; Perles, M. J.; Zwahlen, François

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.019

Cited by 147 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…4), may prohibit continuous withdrawal of groundwater. Finally, higher recharge rates imply an increased vulnerability to surface contamination due to preferential recharge, which might reduce the value of the groundwater resource (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced groundwater recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate variability through subsurface heterogeneity

Hartmann

Gleeson

Wada

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

109

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Our environment is heterogeneous. In hydrological sciences, the heterogeneity of subsurface properties, such as hydraulic conductivities or porosities, exerts an important control on water balance. This notably includes groundwater recharge, which is an important variable for efficient and sustainable groundwater resources management. Current large-scale hydrological models do not adequately consider this subsurface heterogeneity. Here we show that regions with strong subsurface heterogeneity have enhanced present and future recharge rates due to a different sensitivity of recharge to climate variability compared with regions with homogeneous subsurface properties. Our study domain comprises the carbonate rock regions of Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East, which cover ∼25% of the total land area. We compare the simulations of two large-scale hydrological models, one of them accounting for subsurface heterogeneity. Carbonate rock regions strongly exhibit "karstification," which is known to produce particularly strong subsurface heterogeneity. Aquifers from these regions contribute up to half of the drinking water supply for some European countries. Our results suggest that water management for these regions cannot rely on most of the presently available projections of groundwater recharge because spatially variable storages and spatial concentration of recharge result in actual recharge rates that are up to four times larger for present conditions and changes up to five times larger for potential future conditions than previously estimated. These differences in recharge rates for strongly heterogeneous regions suggest a need for groundwater management strategies that are adapted to the fast transit of water from the surface to the aquifers.groundwater recharge | subsurface heterogeneity | water resources | climate variability | climate change

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced groundwater recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate variability through subsurface heterogeneity

Hartmann

Gleeson

Wada

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

109

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“…Jeannin et al (2001) proposed to use the duration of tracer appearance above a critical concentration threshold as an additional criterion. Perrin et al (2004) and Andreo et al (2006) also used tracers for the validation of vulnerability maps.…”

Section: Conceptual Basis and Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative application of four methods of groundwater vulnerability mapping in a Slovene karst catchment

2008

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Four methods of groundwater vulnerability mapping have been applied in a Slovene karst catchment and validated by tracer tests. The test site is characterised by high water table fluctuations, manifested in intermittent lakes and variable drainage divides. A first multi-tracer test (two injections) allowed subdivision of the catchment into zones of different degrees of contribution ('inner zone' and 'outer zone'). For vulnerability mapping, only methods that consider the specific nature of karst aquifers such as heterogeneity and duality of infiltration processes, were selected: EPIK, PI, the 'Simplified Method' and the 'Slovene Approach'. For validation, a second multi-tracer test (four injections) was carried out. The time of first detection and the normalised recovery were used as validation criteria. The results suggest that EPIK and the Simplified Method sometimes overestimate vulnerability, while PI and the Slovene Approach tend to deliver more realistic results, at least during low-flow conditions. The Slovene Approach gives the clearest guidance on how to deal with hydrologic variability, for example by assigning lower vulnerability to occasionally active sinking surface waters than to permanent ones. As a conclusion, commonly accepted validation techniques are needed and should be applied by default to evaluate different vulnerability mapping methods and the resulting maps.

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“…The Slovene Approac� to intrinsic vulnerability assessment is partly based on t�e Spanis� COP met�od Andreo et al 2006), w�ic� represents an integral interpretation of t�e European Approac�. Alt�oug� t�e COP met�od �as been successfully applied in different karst areas, it �as some weaknesses.…”

Section: Introduction Slovene Approach To Groundwater Vulnerability Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Methodology of Vulnerability and Contamination Risk Mapping for the Protection of Karst Aquifers in Slovenia

Ravbar

Goldscheider

2007

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123

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Izvleček Nataša Ravbar & Nico Goldscheider: Predlog metodologije kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v SlovenijiUpoštevajoč posebnosti slovenskega krasa smo na podlagi smernic evropskega projekta COST Action 620 predlagali splošen pristop k ocenjevanju ranljivosti in tveganja kraški� voda za onesnaženje. Tako imenovani Slovenski pristop ustreza slovenski okoljski zakonodaji in omogoča primerjavo z razmerami v Evropi. Metoda pri ocenjevanju ranljivosti podtalnice upošteva časovno �idrološko spremenljivost, ponuja možnost povezovanja zaščite površinski� in podzemni� voda ter predlaga nove smernice za zaščito podzemne vode in vodni� virov, za kar je bil razvit nov faktor K (pretakanje kraški� voda v zasičeni coni). Slovenski pristop predvideva obširno analizo tveganja, ki temelji na oceni naravne ranljivosti, dejanski� in potencialni� obremenjevalcev ter pomembnosti vodnega vira oziroma podzemne vode. Predlagana metodologija je bila prvič uporabljena v zaledju vodnega vira Podstenjšek v jugoza�odni Sloveniji, rezultati pa preverjeni s pomočjo dve� sledilni� poizkusov, ki sta skupno zajemala šest injicirni� točk. Rezultati kart naravne ranljivosti, obremenjevalcev in tveganja so zadovoljivi. Preverjanje potrjuje ocenjeno naravno ranljivost reprezentativni� točk, izbrani� za injiciranje sledila. Končne karte omogočajo izpopolnjeno razmejitev vodovarstveni� pasov ter označujejo območja neustreznega ravnanja, nudijo podlago za reorganizacijo dejavnosti in za boljše rešitve v pri�od-njem načrtovanju. Ključne besede: Slovenski pristop, ranljivost podzemne vode, tveganje za onesnaženje, kraški vodonosnik, zaščita in upravljanje z vodnimi viri, preverjanje kart ranljivosti.1 Karst Researc� Institute SRC SASA, Titov trg 2, SI-6230 Postojna, Slovenia, e-mail: natasa.ravbar@zrc-sazu.si 2 Centre of Hydrogeology, University of Neuc�âtel, 2009 Neuc�âtel, Switzerland, e-mail: nico.goldsc�eider@unine.c� Abstract Nataša Ravbar & Nico Goldscheider: Proposed methodology of vulnerability and contamination risk mapping for the pro tection of karst aquifers in SloveniaOn t�e basis of work accomplis�ed by t�e European COST Action 620, a compre�ensive approac� to groundwater vulnerability and contamination risk assessment is proposed, taking into account t�e special c�aracteristics of Slovene karst aquifer systems. The Slovene Approac� is consistent wit� national environmental legislation and enables comparison across European countries. The met�od integrates temporal �ydrologi-cal variability in t�e concept of groundwater vulnerability and offers a new possibility to combine surface and groundwater source and resource protection, w�ic� required t�e development of a new K factor (karst groundwater flow wit�in t�e saturated zone). The risk analysis considers intrinsic vulnerability, contamination �azards and t�e importance of t�e source or resource. It �as been first applied to t�e Podstenjšek springs catc�ment in sout�western Slovenia and validated by means of two multi-tracer tests wi...

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Karst groundwater protection: First application of a Pan-European Approach to vulnerability, hazard and risk mapping in the Sierra de Líbar (Southern Spain)

Cited by 147 publications

References 9 publications

Enhanced groundwater recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate variability through subsurface heterogeneity

Enhanced groundwater recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate variability through subsurface heterogeneity

Comparative application of four methods of groundwater vulnerability mapping in a Slovene karst catchment

Proposed Methodology of Vulnerability and Contamination Risk Mapping for the Protection of Karst Aquifers in Slovenia

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