Karst Brackish Springs of Albania

Abstract

The territory of Albania presents wide outcrops of soluble rocks, with typical karst landforms and the presence of remarkable carbonate aquifers. Many karst areas are located near the coasts, which results in a variety of environmental problems, mostly related to marine intrusion. This paper focuses on the brackish springs of Albania, which exhibit temperatures approximately equal to the yearly air temperature at their location. Total dissolved solids of the springs are higher than 1000 mg/l, their waters are not drinkable, and they are rarely used for other purposes. The groundwater of the alluvial aquifers of Albania, particularly those of Pre-Adriatic Lowland, are often brackish too, but these will not be addressed here. Brackish springs of Albania are mainly of karst origin and can be classified into two groups: springs in evaporitic rock, mainly gypsum, and springs in carbonate rock. The hydro-chemical facies of the first group are usually Ca-SO4, locally with increased concentrations of Na-Cl, whereas springs belonging to the second group usually exhibit Na-Cl facies. The largest brackish springs of Albania are described in detail, including their hydro-chemical correlations.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Hydrochemical Parameters in the Gravelly Aquifer of the Lower Course of Vjosa River, Albania

“…Table 1 provides the hydraulic properties and water-bearing capacity in the central part of the study area where the thickness of the gravelly aquifer is high. In the whole study area, the hydraulic parameters and water-bearing capacity of the gravelly aquifer are generally high, with the exception of the coastal area, where their values decrease [15]. Table 1 provides the hydraulic properties and water-bearing capacity in the central part of the study area where the thickness of the gravelly aquifer is high.…”