Karrikins: A new family of plant growth regulators in smoke

Chiwocha, Sheila; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Flematti, Gavin R.; Ghisalberti, Emilio L.; Merritt, David J.; Nelson, David C.; Riseborough, Julie-Anne; Smith, Steven M.; Stevens, Jason C.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.007

Cited by 184 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Preparative separation using this method, followed by further separation using the diol column resulted in the purification of a compound with significant germination activity towards A. manglesii. Using 1 H, 13 C and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the compound was identified as the cyanohydrin, 2,3-dihydroxypropanenitrile (2) (Fig. 1a; Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…150 µl) was taken and purged to dryness before adding milli-Q water (10 ml) for testing neat with the A. manglesii bioassay. The active fraction (fraction 12) was evaporated to dryness (9.4 mg) and analysed by 1 H, 13 45 and mandelonitrile (6) 46 were prepared according to literature procedures. Synthesis of the (R)-and (S)-enantiomers of 2 were achieved from (S)-and (R)-glyceraldehyde 21,22 respectively following the method of Chelucci et al 23 ( Enantioselective HPLC.…”

Section: A Manglesii Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a) 11 , which was recently named karrikinolide (or KAR 1 ) after the Aboriginal Noongar word for smoke, karrik 12 . Smoke-responsive seeds of a large number of species respond to karrikinolide, demonstrating that it is a major contributor to the germination activity of smoke and an ecologically significant germination cue [13][14][15] .…”

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Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

et al. 2011

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Cyanide is well known for its toxicity towards living organisms. many plants use cyanide as a defensive agent against herbivores, releasing it through the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous cyanogenic compounds. At low concentrations, cyanide has been proposed to have a regulatory role in many plant processes including stimulation of seed germination. However, no ecological role for cyanide in seed germination has been established. In the present study, we show that burning plant material produces the cyanohydrin, glyceronitrile. We also show that, in the presence of water, glyceronitrile is slowly hydrolysed to release cyanide that stimulates seed germination of a diverse range of fire-responsive species from different continents. We propose that glyceronitrile serves as an ecological store for cyanide and is an important cue for stimulating seed germination and landscape regeneration after fires.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Manglesii Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

et al. 2011

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“…Karrikins (KAR) have been established as a new class of signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (23)(24)(25)(26). Although karrikins can overcome primary dormancy (PD) in Arabidopsis thaliana seed, the effectiveness of KAR 1 on germination varies by ecotype and seed dormancy state: highly dormant seed has reduced response, whereas the rapid germination rates of nondormant seed can mask any positive influence from karrikin (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nelson¹,

Flematti²,

Riseborough

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Karrikins are a class of seed germination stimulants identified in smoke from wildfires. Microarray analysis of imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds was performed to identify transcriptional responses to KAR 1 before germination. A small set of genes that are regulated by KAR 1 , even when germination is prevented by the absence of gibberellin biosynthesis or light, were identified. Light-induced genes, putative HY5-binding targets, and ABRE-like promoter motifs were overrepresented among KAR 1 -up-regulated genes. KAR 1 transiently induced the light signal transduction transcription factor genes HY5 and HYH. Germination of afterripened Arabidopsis seed was triggered at lower fluences of red light when treated with KAR 1 . Light-dependent cotyledon expansion and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation were enhanced in the presence of germination-active karrikins. HY5 is important for the Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation, but not seed germination, response to karrikins. These results reveal a role for karrikins in priming light responses in the emerging seedling, and suggest that the influence of karrikins on postfire ecology may not be limited to germination recruitment.smoke | photomorphogenesis

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“…Despite some differences in the number of germinated seeds in both experiments, the SGV treatment was effective in terms of stimulation or inhibition also when the seeds were covered by a soil layer (Figure 7). Although the variance within a seed lot acid, IAA), or gibberellins [33][34][35][36]. The growth responses of hypocotyls or radicles grown from SGV-treated seeds also suggest the involvement of gibberellins [35].…”

Section: Seed Germination and Seedling Development In The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swailing affects seed germination of plants of European bio-and agricenosis in a different way

Bączek-Kwinta

2017

Open Life Sciences

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Swailing as a part of agricultural practice is an illegal habit in many European countries. The indirect effect of swailing is the emission of volatiles (SGV), hence the aim of the study was to identify their impact to seeds of different species occurring or grown Europe. It was carried out on seeds of 29 species of 10 botanical families within the angiosperms. The response to SGV was more or less differentiated within a family, and even within the species, e.g. in the case of tomato. The stimulation of germination and/or increased seedling vigour was established in celery, green- and red-leafed basil, white and red cabbage, white clover and wild thyme. The same effect was noticed for the seeds of stratified broadleaf plantain and the positively photoblastic seeds of German chamomile germinated in darkness. The inhibition of seed germination and/ or reduced seedling vigour was demonstrated in case of caraway, dill and forget-me-not. Similar results were obtained in the experiments carried out in vitro and in the soil, hence it can be assumed that the indirect impact of SGV on plant habitat composition is likely. The interaction of SGV compounds with seed testa and seed phytohormones is discussed.

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Karrikins: A new family of plant growth regulators in smoke

Cited by 184 publications

References 44 publications

Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Swailing affects seed germination of plants of European bio-and agricenosis in a different way

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