1983
DOI: 10.2307/3673036
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Karen Agro-Forestry: Processes, Functions, and Implications for Socio-Economic, Demographic, and Environmental Change in Northern Thailand

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1985
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Cited by 9 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Others make a living as hired labourers, frequently in the agricultural sector. Such people are tied, at least seasonally, to the land [ 79 – 82 ]. As with other agricultural populations, the implication is that there are pulse-like population dynamics, including births, migrations and population densities that revolve around changes in the agricultural calendar and differ slightly by ecotope [ 83 – 87 ].…”
Section: Human Populationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Others make a living as hired labourers, frequently in the agricultural sector. Such people are tied, at least seasonally, to the land [ 79 – 82 ]. As with other agricultural populations, the implication is that there are pulse-like population dynamics, including births, migrations and population densities that revolve around changes in the agricultural calendar and differ slightly by ecotope [ 83 – 87 ].…”
Section: Human Populationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nevertheless, the Thai government instituted policies of fortress protectionism through the 1941 Forest Act and 1989 logging ban that evicted Indigenous peoples and local communities from newly designated forest reserves and protected areas (Buergin, 2003(Buergin, , 2015. Indigenous agriculture and Karen rotational farming were banned, despite evidence of their environmental benefits (Hayami, 1997 Kunstadter, 1983;Schmidt-Vogt, 1998). An uneasy history with communism in the highlands and opium cultivation further soured the public image of Indigenous and highland ethnic populations as communist trouble-makers, drug producers and forest destroyers; the extent of these allegations have not been supported by evidence of Indigenous Karen land use (Buergin, 2015;Delang, 2005).…”
Section: A Brief History Of Indigenous-state Relationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They have established and maintained Imperata fields by annual burning for hunting deer and grazing cattle (Consigny, 1933;Conklin, 1957;Seavoy, 1975;Dove, 1984a, b), and perhaps also to provide alternative feed for those herbivore 'pests' which would otherwise attack cultivation (Foead, 1997). For centuries they have collected and traded the grass for roofs and sometimes walls of houses, used it to pay tribute to nearby princes and incorporated it into traditional medicine and religious ritual (Rifai and Widjaja, 1979;Kunstadter, 1983Kunstadter, , 1988.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%