Karakteristik Pasien Kusta dengan Reaksi dan Tanpa Reaksi Tahun 2018-2021 Di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kusta adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat menyerang kulit dan saraf tepi dan disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Kusta dapat ditularkan melalui cairan tubuh seperti dari mulut dan hidung serta terdapat kontak erat dan dekat dengan pasien kusta. Kusta dapat menyebabkan seseorang menderita suatu reaksi inflamasi yang disebut dengan reaksi kusta. Reaksi kusta jika tidak diobati secara adekuat dapat menyebabkan kecacatan atau disabilitas. Objektif: untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien kusta dengan reaksi dan tanpa reaksi pada tahun 2018-2021 di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang terdiagnosis kusta dengan reaksi dan tanpa reaksi oleh klinisi di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 orang dari tahun 2018-2021. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan kasus kusta tanpa reksi terbanyak pada usia lansia, jenis kelamin laki-laki, tipe kusta MB, pemeriksaan BTA positif, dan tidak ada riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita kusta. Selain itu, kasus kusta dengan reaksi kusta terbanyak pada usia remaja, jenis kelamin laki-laki, tipe kusta MB, pemeriksaan BTA positif, tidak ada riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita kusta , tipe reaksi kusta ENL, dan waktu kejadian reaksi setelah MDT. Kesimpulan: Karakteristik pasien kusta dengan reaksi dan tanpa reaksi paling banyak pada kelompok usia remaja dan lansia, jenis kelamin laki-laki, tipe kusta MB, hasil pemeriksaan BTA positif, tidak ada riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita kusta, mengalami reaksi kusta tipe ENL, dan waktu kejadian reaksi setelah MDT. Abstract Background: Leprosy is and infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae which affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy can caused a person to suffer from an inflammatory reaction called leprosy reaction. If not treated properly, leprosy reaction can lead to deformity or disability. Leprosy still exist in Indonesia and is still an unresolved problem until this day. Objective: This research aimed to determine the characteristics based on age, gender, majority, occupation, place of residence, complications, type of leprosy, AFB test result, history of close contact, type of leprosy reaction, and time of reaction of leprosy patients with and without reactions at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang From 2018-2021. Methods: This study employed descriptive research. the population of this study consists all patients diagnosed leprosy with and without leprosy reaction by doctors with a total sampling methode obtained was 54 people from 2018-2021. Results: Of the 54 people sampled on this study this results showed that the majority of leprosy cases without reaction were found in elderly were 15 people (42,9%), male were 25 people (71,4%), MB type of leprosy were 25 people (71,4%), positive AFB test result were 17 people (48,5%), and patients with no history of close contact with leprosy patients were 31 people (88,6%). Additionally, the majority of leprosy cases with reactions were found in adolscent were 8 people (42,1%), male were 13 people (68,4%), MB type of leprosy, were 18 people (94,7%), positive AFB test result, were 13 people (68,4%), patients with no history of close contact with leprosy patients were 13 people (68,4%), patients with type 2 leprosy reaction (ENL) were 13 people (68,4%), and experiencing the reaction time after MDT were 9 people (47,4%). Conclusion: The majority of leprosy cases without reaction were found in elderly, male, MB type of leprosy, positive AFB test result, and patients with no history of close contact with leprosy patients. Additionally, the majority of leprosy cases with reactions were found in adolscent, male, MB type of leprosy, positive AFB test result, patients with no history of close contact with leprosy patients, patients with type 2 leprosy reaction (ENL), and experiencing the reaction time after MDT. Keyword: Leprosy, Leprosy Reactions, Without Reaction