Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Scaffold Membran Cangkang Telur yang Diaktivasi Karbonat Apatit

Abstract

Struktur tulang yang hilang akibat penyakit periodontal dan trauma dapat ditanggulangi dengan pemasangan graft. Pemasangan graft rentan akan adanya invasi bakteri sehingga alternatifnya dibuat scaffold dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Teknik jaringan berupa pembuatan scaffold harus memiliki sifat biokompatibel, biodegradasi, dan bioaktif. Penelitian inimenggunakan membran cangkang telur, larutan alginat dan kitosan, karbonat apatit dan larutan SBF Kokubo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik dan aktivitas antibakteri scaffold membran cangkang telur yang diaktivasi karbonat apatit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratoris dengan jumlah kelompok sampel sebanyak lima kelompok, yaitu sampel A membran cangkang telur, sampel B membran cangkang telur + karbonat apatit, sampel Cmembran cangkang telur + karbonat apatit + SBF selama 7 hari, sampel D membran cangkang telur + karbonat apatit + SBF selama 14 hari, dan sampel E membran cangkang telur + karbonat apatit + SBF selama 21 hari. Uji sampel yaitu karakterisasi menggunakan ATR FTIR dan SEM, serta uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan pori-pori serat 10-20μm pada semua sampel, ATR FTIR sampel B, C, D, E menunjukkan peningkatan gugus apatit dibanding sampel A. Pengujian antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan zona bening pada setiap sampel. Perhitungan jumlah koloni setiap sampel yaitu terbanyak koloninya sampel A ±78x105 CFU/ml, dan paling sedikit koloninya sampel B ±14x105 CFU/ml. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu karakteristik dan aktivitas antibakteri scaffold membran cangkang telur yang diaktivasi karbonat apatit mengandung bahan bioaktif, bersifat biodegradasi dan menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Characteristic And Antibacterial Activity Of Egg-Shell Membrane Scaffold Activated By Carbonate Apatite. The loss of bone structure that can be caused by periodontal disease and trauma can be treated by installation of graft. The installation of graft is vulnerable to bacterial invasion, so that the alternative is to make a scaffold with antibacterial activity. Scaffold manufacturing in engineering system must have biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive properties. This research used egg-shell membrane (ESM) as scaffold template, alginate, chitosan, carbonate apatite, and SBF solution. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics, and antibacterial activity of eggshell membrane scaffold which is activated by carbonate apatite. This research used laboratory experimental method by dividing the samples into five groups that were ESM as sample A, ESM with carbonate apatite as sample B, ESM with carbonate apatite soaked in SBF sol for 7days as sample C, ESM with carbonate apatite soaked in SBF sol for 14 days as sample D, and ESM with carbonate apatite soaked in SBF sol for 21days as sample E. Then the testing on each sample was conducted: the test for characteristics used ATR FTIR and SEM, while the antibacterial activity test used diffusion method. The results of SEM charaterization from all samples show that the size of pores is 10-20μm. ATR FTIR results of sample B, C, D and E show an increase in functional groups of apatite compared to sample A. Antibacterial testing on Staphylococcus aureus shows inhibition zone. Based on the calculation of colony number the highest number is sample A (±78x105 CFU/ml), and the least is sample E ±14x105 CFU/ml. The conclusion of this research is that the characteristic and antibacterial activity test of egg-shell membrane scaffold activated by carbonate apatite have bioactive and biodegradable material, and show antibacterial activities.

Mechanical Strength and Porosity of Carbonate Apatite-Chitosan-Gelatine Scaffold in Various Ratio as a Biomaterial Candidate in Tissue Engineering

“…6B), that means CA:Ch-GEL scaffold with all ratios are qualified as biomaterial candidates to be applied to tissue engineering. The pore size of a scaffold between 20μm -30 μm is sufficient for the growth of osteoblast cells [21], and for attachment of Mesenchymal stem cell, the pore size ranges from 17.9μm -30.4 μm [22]. The pore size can be divided into two groups, micropore (pore <5μm) and macropore (pore> 100μm), both pore sizes are important for the bioresorbability of the material [20].…”

Mixing ratio of nano hydroxyapatite and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) towards viscosity and antibacterial effect as a potential pulp capping Material: An experimental study

“…Antibacterial properties are crucial in pulp capping materials to preserve vitality for maintaining tooth homeostasis and durability ( Aprilisna et al, 2015 ). Table 2 shows the antibacterial efficacy across all treatment groups, attributed to nano-HA release of hydroxide ions (OH–) with strong oxidizing properties, effectively targeting bacteria.…”

“…Table 2 shows the antibacterial efficacy across all treatment groups, attributed to nano-HA release of hydroxide ions (OH–) with strong oxidizing properties, effectively targeting bacteria. Additionally, the alkaline nature of hydroxyapatite proves detrimental to bacterial cell membranes and proteins, disrupting the integrity ( Aprilisna et al, 2015 ). These high pH levels can be particularly detrimental to Lactobacillus acidophilus , which thrives in a narrower pH range of 5.5 to 6.0.…”

“…The antibacterial ability of (–OH) groups also contributes to the destruction of bacterial cell walls ( Jahangir et al, 2021 ). Even though nano-HA's alkaline nature damages bacterial cell membranes and proteins, disrupting the integrity, the organic scaffold is remineralized with EGCG ( Aprilisna et al, 2015 , Pushpalatha et al, 2023 ).…”