Kaposi's sarcoma associated with advanced HIV infection: A case report

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was recognized in the early 1980s. It was more common in men who had sex with previously healthy men and young people and were affected by atypical pneumopathy caused by an opportunistic microorganism, identified as Pneumocystis carinii , and presently known as Pneumocystis jiroveci . Histopathology of the purplish or brown nodular lesions revealed Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KS is the most frequent neoplasm in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Its pathophysiology has been associated with the presence of a herpes virus, whose etiologic agent is a member of herpes virus type 8 family, which gets transmitted through sexual contact. Here, we present a case report to present the diagnosis and bring the light of knowledge to the Dentist the need of therapeutic measures in the treatment of the pathology.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma with Primary Lymph Node Involvement in a Retroviral Infected (RVI) Patient

“…It is the most common malignancy associated with AIDS. 2 KS is associated with patients under antiretroviral therapy, organ transplantation, or immunocompromised. 2 KS has been reported among all groups at risk for HIV infection.…”

“…2 KS is associated with patients under antiretroviral therapy, organ transplantation, or immunocompromised. 2 KS has been reported among all groups at risk for HIV infection. 3 It generally occurs in patients with a low CD4 count, particularly below 100 cells/mm 3 , and a high viral load count of > 10,000 copies/mL.…”

“…1 Viral DNA from HHV-8 is present in all KS. 2,4,5,[7][8][9][10][11] As one of the diseases that characterise acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), KS has a very varied clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic to quickly advancing disease. 3,8,12 Stomatognathic manifestations take the form of violet or purple macules, papules, or tumours.…”

“…21 Clinical manifestations of KS are typically described as raised plaques, papules, or macules that are pink, red, purple, or violaceous; however, nodular and clearly neoplasticlooking forms have also been reported. 1,2,5,6,32 Mucocutaneous sites, which include the skin of the trunk, face, lower limbs, genitalia, and oropharyngeal mucosa, are where KS often presents itself. 9,10,24,27 But since the introduction of HAART, the symptoms of KS have evolved significantly.…”

Oral HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas

“…The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was initially identified in the 1980s in five young men affected by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections 1,2 .…”