Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Sarid, Ronit; Calabrò, Maria Luisa

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_39

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 409 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The epidemiology, biology and molecular characteristics of HHV-8 infection, as well as the potential role of HHV-8 proteins and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HHV-8, have been widely reviewed. 11 – 14 Based on the Society of Hematopathology (SH)/European Association for Hematopathology 2015 Workshop Report, 15 we describe in the present review the association between HHV-8 and lymphoproliferative disorders and highlight the predominant distinctive features of each disease, while indicating exceptions to the general descriptions. Table 1 summarizes the pathological lymphoid conditions linked to HHV-8 infection and key features of these disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 8 and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Calabrò¹,

Sarid²

2018

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection has constantly been increasing since the discovery of its first etiologic association with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). PEL is a rapidly progressing non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma that develops in body cavities in an effusional form. With the increase in the overall survival of PEL patients, as well as the introduction of HHV-8 surveillance in immunocompromised patients, the extracavitary, solid counterpart of PEL was later identified. Moreover, virtually all plasmablastic variants of multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) developing in HIV-1-infected individuals harbor HHV-8, providing a strong etiologic link between MCD and this oncogenic herpesvirus. Two other pathologic conditions develop in HIV-1-infected persons concomitantly with MCD: MCD with plasmablastic clusters and HHV-8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (HHV-8+ DLBCL NOS), the first likely representing an intermediate stage preceding the full neoplastic form. MCD in leukemic phase has also been described, albeit much less commonly. The germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder (GLPD) may resemble extracavitary PEL, but develops in immune competent HHV8-infected individuals, and, unlike the other disorders, it responds well to conventional therapies. Almost all HHV-8-mediated lymphoproliferative disorders are the result of an interaction between HHV-8 infection and a dysregulated immunological system, leading to the formation of inflammatory niches in which B cells, at different developmental stages, are infected, proliferate and may eventually shift from a polyclonal state to a monoclonal/neoplastic disorder. Herein, we describe the association between HHV-8 and lymphoproliferative disorders and highlight the predominant distinctive features of each disease.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 8 and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Calabrò¹,

Sarid²

2018

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The etiological agent associated with KS was discovered in 1994 and is called Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8), also known as KS-associated Human Herpes Virus (KSHV) [1, 3]. There are 4 classes of KS, which include; Classic KS, Endemic KS, Immunosuppression-associated KS and AIDS-associated KS [4]. AIDS-associated KS is the most prevalent form of KS, and its prevalence tremendously increased post-HIV era but later declined due to introduction of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors for Kaposi’s sarcoma among HIV-positive patients in a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania: a retrospective hospital-based study

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative tumor involving blood and lymphatic vessels, caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8). KS is an important AIDS-defining tumor with high prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania which has high HIV and HHV-8 sero-prevalence. It is critically important to monitor the prevalence of AIDS-defining tumors, such as KS, in the age of HIV/AIDS. We studied the prevalence of KS and associated risk factors among HIV-positive patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), a referral hospital in northern Tanzania, over the period from January 2012 to December 2015.MethodsThis was a retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of KS among HIV/AIDS patients between 2012 and 2015. The study included 1100 HIV patients’ data which were collected at the Infectious Disease Clinic (IDC) from patients’ files. Stata version 13 (StataCorp LP, Texas 77,845 USA) was used for all statistical analyses. The prevalence of KS was calculated across levels of a number of categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed to determine relative risk of KS for all characteristics. We included all variables with p-values ≤10% in the multivariate analysis, including ART use, as this is considered to have an influence on KS. In the multivariate analysis, statistical significance was established based on a two-tailed p-value ≤5%. All patients’ notes were kept confidential as per the Helsinki declaration.ResultsOur results revealed a 4.6% prevalence of KS at KCMC hospital, between January 2012 and December 2015, 51(4.6%) patients were diagnosed with KS out of 1100 HIV-positive patients. The study further revealed that KS in HIV patients was most associated with low CD4 cell count (less than or equal to 200 cells/μl). Moreover, women were more likely than men to diagnosed with KS, with higher odds significantly associated with KS (OR 0.42, p < 0.009). Increased age, above 35 years, among the HIV seropositive patients was significantly associated with KS (OR 25.67, p < 0.007). HIV patients who were none smokers were more likely to suffer from KS compared to HIV smokers (OR 0.41, p < 0.010).ConclusionKS remains a common malignant vascular tumor commonly associated with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania. Our study highlights the need for continued efforts to combat HIV, as well as associated diseases such as KS. Continued availability of ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy) to HIV/AIDS patients, and test reagents for CD4 cell count and viral load determination are important measures to alleviate the suffering of these patients. Furthermore, studies to gather more evidence on ART resistance are highly needed to guide treatment choices.

show abstract

“…Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative soft tissue sarcoma, involving the skin and mucosa, associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection. HHV8 is also linked to the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a non‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphoma . Immunocompromised HIV/HHV8‐infected patients are at high risk for KS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HHV8 is also linked to the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. 4 Immunocompromised HIV/HHV8-infected patients are at high risk for KS. Indeed, although the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers has declined consistently in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), KS remains 650 times more common in HIV-infected persons compared to uninfected subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miRNA‐375 as a potential novel biomarker for active Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients

Piano

Gianesello

Grassi

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be used as biomarkers in patients at risk for or affected by AIDS‐Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Screening of 377 miRNAs was performed using low‐density arrays in pooled plasma samples of 10 HIV/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐infected asymptomatic and 10 AIDS‐KS patients before and after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). MiR‐375 was identified as a potential marker of active KS, being the most down‐regulated in AIDS‐KS patients after cART and the most up‐regulated in naïve AIDS‐KS patients compared to naïve asymptomatic subjects. Validation on individual plasma samples confirmed that miR‐375 levels were higher in AIDS‐KS compared to asymptomatic patients, decreased after cART‐induced remission in most AIDS‐KS patients and increased in patients with active KS. In asymptomatic patients miR‐375 was up‐regulated after cART in both screening and validation. Statistical analyses revealed an association between miR‐375 changes and CD4 cell counts, which could explain the discordant cases and the opposite trend between asymptomatic and AIDS‐KS patients. These data suggest that circulating miR‐375 might be a good indicator of active AIDS‐KS. Moreover, changes in miR‐375 levels may have a prognostic value in HIV/HHV8‐infected patients undergoing treatment. Further large‐scale validation is needed.

show abstract

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Cited by 4 publications

References 409 publications

Human Herpesvirus 8 and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Human Herpesvirus 8 and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Prevalence and associated risk factors for Kaposi’s sarcoma among HIV-positive patients in a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania: a retrospective hospital-based study

Circulating miRNA‐375 as a potential novel biomarker for active Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About