Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus at 27

Gaglia, Marta Maria

doi:10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200223

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…B cells and monocytes are considered the major reservoir of latent KSHV, and in KS as well as PEL, gene expression is predominantly latent. Whereas 99% of tumor cells (primarily of endothelial origin) in KS lesions are latently KSHV-infected, high rates of proliferation occur in spindle cells, accounting for only 1% of tumor cells, and have been reported to contribute to higher motility, proliferation, and sustaining angiogenesis [103,[110][111][112]. In MCD, both lytic and latent genes are expressed in B cells surrounding the GCs of lymph nodes [55].…”

Section: The Kshv Life Cycle and The Contribution Of Key Latent And L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies

Chinna,

Bratl,

Lambarey

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause significant disease burden, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Both viruses display latent and lytic phases of their life cycle with different outcomes for their associated pathologies. The high prevalence of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and more recently, COVID-19, as well as their associated inflammatory responses, could potentially impact either virus’ infectious course. However, acute or lytically active EBV and/or KSHV infections often present with symptoms mimicking these predominant diseases leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of oncogenic herpesvirus-associated pathologies. EBV and/or KSHV infections are generally acquired early in life and remain latent until lytic reactivation is triggered by various stimuli. This review summarizes known associations between infectious agents prevalent in SSA and underlying EBV and/or KSHV infection. While presenting an overview of both viruses’ biphasic life cycles, this review aims to highlight the importance of co-infections in the correct identification of risk factors for and diagnoses of EBV- and/or KSHV-associated pathologies, particularly in SSA, where both oncogenic herpesviruses as well as other infectious agents are highly pervasive and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality.

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Section: The Kshv Life Cycle and The Contribution Of Key Latent And L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies

Chinna,

Bratl,

Lambarey

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the persistence of a pool of latently infected cells in vivo requires the activation lytic cycles. This consequently results in the production of oncogenic proteins, as well as secreted proangiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines essential for the oncogenesis of KS [50][51][52][53][54][55]. The activation of lytic cycles is also associated with the production of viral proteins that play a key role in KS tumor progression and are detectable in KS lesions.…”

Section: Lytic Cycle and Ks Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Kaposi Sarcoma Development

Karabajakian

Ray‐Coquard

Blay

2022

Cancers

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Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a heterogeneous angioproliferative tumor that generally arises in the skin. At least four forms of this disease have been described, with the ‘HIV’-related form being the most aggressive and can involve mucosae or visceral organs. Three quarters of KS cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as geographic variation is explained by the disparate prevalence of KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV), which is the underlying cause of this disease. It can infect endothelial and/or mesenchymal cells that consequently transdifferentiate to an intermediate state. KSHV establishes a latent phase in host cells in which latency proteins and various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a complex role in proliferation and angiogenesis. It also undergoes periods of sporadic lytic reactivation triggered by various biological signals in which lytic stage proteins modulate host cell signaling pathways and are key in KS progression. Complex interactions with the microenvironment with production of inflammatory cytokines with paracrine signaling is a standout feature of KS development and maintenance. KSHV impairs the immune response by various mechanisms such as the degradation of a variety of proteins involved in immune response or binding to cellular chemokines. Treatment options include classical chemotherapy, but other novel therapies are being investigated.

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“…Regarding its tumorigenesis, classic KSHV is supposed to transition from infection to cancer by a lytic or latent pattern of infection of host cells. A very important role is maintained by Kaposi’s sarcoma spindle cells, which develop from mesenchymal stem cells [ 43 ]. KSHV was associated with increased risk of cancer in kidney transplant recipients, which led to the screening of patients before transplantation [ 44 ].…”

Section: Renal Cell Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis Mechanisms Of Oncogenic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Oncogenic Viruses in Renal Carcinogenesis: Pros and Cons

et al. 2022

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Viral infections are major contributors to the global cancer burden. Recent advances have revealed that known oncogenic viruses promote carcinogenesis through shared host cell targets and pathways. The aim of this review is to point out the connection between several oncogenic viruses from the Polyomaviridae, Herpesviridae and Flaviviridae families and renal carcinogenesis, highlighting their involvement in the carcinogenic mechanism. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases, which was carried out for all the published studies on RCC in the last 10 years, using the following search algorithm: renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma, and oncogenic viruses (BKPyV, EBV, HCV, HPV and Kaposi Sarcoma Virus), RCC and biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our analysis included studies that were published in English from the 1st of January 2012 to the 1st of May 2022 and that described and analyzed the assays used for the detection of oncogenic viruses in RCC and urothelial carcinoma. The virus most frequently associated with RCC was BKPyV. This review of the literature will help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the main type of renal malignancy and whether the viral etiology can be confirmed, at a minimum, as a co-factor. In consequence, these data can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A virus-induced tumor could be efficiently prevented by vaccination or treatment with oncolytic viral therapy and/or by targeted therapy.

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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus at 27

Cited by 8 publications

References 91 publications

The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies

The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies

Molecular Mechanisms of Kaposi Sarcoma Development

The Influence of Oncogenic Viruses in Renal Carcinogenesis: Pros and Cons

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