Kaolakia borealis nov. gen. et sp. (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida): A leafy liverwort from the Cretaceous of Alaska

Heinrichs, Jochen; Reiner‐Drehwald, M. Elena; Feldberg, Kathrin; Grimaldi, David A.; Nascimbene, Paul C.; Konrat, Matt Von; Schmidt, Alexander R.

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.04.002

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The earliest unambiguous macrofossil of a bryophyte dates back to the Devonian. This and other available macrofossils exhibit an overall striking similarity with extant species [11][12][13][14] . The similarity between ancient fossils and modern species, along with the persistence of ancestral traits such as a haploid-dominant life cycle, the dependence on water for sexual reproduction, an absence of lignified water-conducting cells, and slower rates of molecular evolution than in angiosperms 15 led to the long-held perception of bryophytes as living fossils with limited evolutionary capacities (see ref.…”

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confidence: 65%

Extant diversity of bryophytes emerged from successive post-Mesozoic diversification bursts

et al. 2014

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Unraveling the macroevolutionary history of bryophytes, which arose soon after the origin of land plants but exhibit substantially lower species richness than the more recently derived angiosperms, has been challenged by the scarce fossil record. Here we demonstrate that overall estimates of net species diversification are approximately half those reported in ferns and B30% those described for angiosperms. Nevertheless, statistical rate analyses on timecalibrated large-scale phylogenies reveal that mosses and liverworts underwent bursts of diversification since the mid-Mesozoic. The diversification rates further increase in specific lineages towards the Cenozoic to reach, in the most recently derived lineages, values that are comparable to those reported in angiosperms. This suggests that low diversification rates do not fully account for current patterns of bryophyte species richness, and we hypothesize that, as in gymnosperms, the low extant bryophyte species richness also results from massive extinctions.

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confidence: 65%

Extant diversity of bryophytes emerged from successive post-Mesozoic diversification bursts

et al. 2014

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“…Among fossil bryophytes, some express morphologies that are genuinely extinct, e.g. Kaolakia borealis Heinrichs, M.E.Reiner, K.Feldberg, von Konrat & A.R.Schmidt (Heinrichs et al ., ), implying that morphological diversity in some groups was different, if not greater, in the past. Usually, however, fossils are similar to extant species and many bryophyte fossils from the Palaeocene and even the Early Cretaceous suggest that some bryophyte groups have experienced little morphological change over periods of tens of millions of years at least (Grolle, , ; Gradstein, ; Konopka et al ., ; Konopka, Herendeen & Crane, ; Grolle & Meister, ; Frahm & Newton, ; Heinrichs et al ., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lobule shape evolution inRadula(Jungermanniopsida): one rate fits all?

Renner

2015

Bot J Linn Soc

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The quantification of lobule shape for Radula spp. shows that there is overlap in lobule shape space occupied by subgenera, such that lobule shape does not always reflect relationships. Morphological convergence caused by lineages repeatedly traversing shared regions of morphospace appears commonplace in Radula, and means that many pairs of relatively unrelated species have similar lobule shapes. When observed over time, as in comparisons between fossil and extant species, this may give the impression of stasis if fossil species resemble modern species by chance, independent of their relatedness. This poses a challenge to relating fossils of known age to extant lineages, particularly when fossils are sterile. Significant rate variation between lineages was identified by Adams' Q‐mode analysis, with the fastest subgenus evolving 23 times more quickly than the slowest. Species of subgenus Volutoradula and subgenus Metaradula are apparently over‐dispersed throughout lobule morphospace according to Sidlauskas' method; morphometric branch lengths and hypervolumes in other subgenera can be explained by a stochastic process. In contrast, Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (BAMM) identified a single evolutionary rate as having the highest posterior probability. Consideration of the three independent accessions into auriculate lobule morphospace by Cladoradula and Radula, wherein convergent lobule shapes result from convergent lobule ontogenies and are correlated with bipinnately branched shoot systems and robust primary stems, leads to an ontogenetic hypothesis driven by structural requirements for light interception, under which auriculate lobules are a spandrel. It is speculated that lobules themselves, however, may be a key innovation facilitating radiation into microsites devoid of or depauperate in fungal endophytes. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 178, 222–242.

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“…Bryophytes, however, despite their small size, are only sparsely represented in the amber fossil record. Indeed, bryophyte inclusions have been found only in nine of the hundreds of known amber deposits, specifically, in Miocene Dominican amber (Gradstein 1993;Frahm and Newton 2005;Heinrichs and Schmidt, 2010;Reiner-Drehwald et al 2012), Miocene Mexican amber (Grolle 1984;Heinrichs et al 2014a), Miocene Sicilian amber (Skalski and Veggiani, 1990), Oligocene Bitterfeld and Eocene Baltic amber Frahm 2004Frahm , 2010, Eocene Rovno amber (Ignatov and Perkovsky 2011;Konstantinova et al 2012), hitherto not precisely dated, presumably Miocene Australian Cape York amber (Hand et al 2010), Cenomanian-Turonian Alaskan amber (Heinrichs et al 2011), and Albian-Cenomanian Burmese amber Hedenäs et al 2014;Heinrichs et al 2014b). …”

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confidence: 99%

The first ptychanthoid Lejeuneaceae in Miocene Mexican amber

Scheben¹,

Schmidt²,

Shäfer-Verwimp³

et al. 2014

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Two inclusions of leafy liverworts in Miocene Mexican amber are tentatively assigned to the extant genus Mastigolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae subfam. Ptychanthoideae). Both specimens share complicate bilobed leaves with a rounded lobe apex, a lobule with an oblique free margin continuing into the ventral margin of the leaf lobe, elongate leaf cells, a broad ventral merophyte, and undivided underleaves with a truncate to slightly emarginate, recurved apex. The lack of generative structures prevents a more thorough taxonomic treatment. Nevertheless, the inclusions represent the first ptychanthoid Lejeuneaceae from Mexican amber.

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Kaolakia borealis nov. gen. et sp. (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida): A leafy liverwort from the Cretaceous of Alaska

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Extant diversity of bryophytes emerged from successive post-Mesozoic diversification bursts

Extant diversity of bryophytes emerged from successive post-Mesozoic diversification bursts

Lobule shape evolution inRadula(Jungermanniopsida): one rate fits all?

The first ptychanthoid Lejeuneaceae in Miocene Mexican amber

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