Kant's Justification of Ethics

Ware, Owen

doi:10.1093/oso/9780198849933.001.0001

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Совсем недавно Дж. Калланан (Callanan, 2019) и О. Уэр (Ware, 2021) подчеркнули, что Кант не занимается опровержением моральных скептиков. 9 См.…”

Section: мудрствованиеunclassified

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Who is Rationalising? On an Overlooked Problem for Kant’s Moral Psychology and Method of Ethics

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2022

Kantian Sbornik

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I critically examine the plausibility of Kant’s conception of rationalising, a form of self-deception that plays a crucial role for Kant’s moral psychology and his conception of the functions of critical practical philosophy. The main problem I see with Kant’s conception is that there are no theory-independent criteria to determine whether an exercise of rational capacities constitutes rationalising. Kant believes that rationalising is wide-spread and he charges the popular philosophers and other ethical theorists with rationalising. Yet, his opponents could, in turn, charge him with rationalising and some theorists, namely Act-Consequentialists, seem to be in an even stronger position to charge Kant with rationalising than vice versa. In response, I propose standards that do not assume a specific normative theory and that become apparent when we look at clear-cut abuses of rationality. These standards of minimally decent reasoning can help us diagnose rationalising. I develop these standards by looking at inadequate uses of rational capacities that should strike us as problematic regardless of the specific ethical theory we adopt. I emphasise that even an abuse of rational capacities can yield true results and that we can never tell from a single judgement that someone rationalises. Rather, we must look for patterns.

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Section: мудрствованиеunclassified

“… See GMS, AA 04, (Kant, 2001, p. 77), KpV, AA 05, p. 152 10-11 (Kant, 1996a, p. 261), MS, AA 06, p. 321 38-39(Kant, 1996a, p. 464),Shell (2009, p. 177) andGrenberg (2010, p. 158). Most recently,Callanan (2019) andWare (2021) have emphasised that Kant is not concerned with refuting moral sceptics. 9 See also.Wehofsits (2020, p. 22) proposes the term "delusion".…”

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Who is Rationalising? On an Overlooked Problem for Kant’s Moral Psychology and Method of Ethics

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2022

Kantian Sbornik

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“…22Grenberg (2013) and, with some qualifications, Ware (2021), for instance, stress the introspective nature of Kant's ethics. Moreover, Habermas (1988, pp.…”

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Kant on thinking for oneself and with others—the ethical a priori, openness and diversity

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2021

J Philosophy of Edu

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Immanuel Kant famously wants us to think for ourselves. However, thinking collaboratively is often preferable to solitary thinking, especially in educational contexts. In this paper, I argue that Kant does not advocate a problematic form of epistemic or pedagogical individualism. For my argument, I focus on the area that, one might suspect, lends itself the least to collaborative reasoning on Kant's framework: morality founded in rational a priori structures. I show that Kant is aware of both the prospects and limits of reasoning on one's own and with others. According to Kant, openness, rooted in an attitude of mutual trust, is required to reason well with others. Kant, however, does underestimate the significance of diversity for collaborative reasoning. K E Y W O R D Sa priori, collaborative reasoning, friendship, Kant, moral education Immanuel Kant famously encourages us to 'Sapere aude! Have courage to make use of your own understanding!' (Kant, 1996a, p. 17 [8:35.6-7]), and to 'Think for oneself' (Kant, 2017, p. 174 [5:294.16]). This 'motto of enlightenment' (Kant, 1996a, p. 17 [8:35.7-8]) has had a profound impact on how we understand the aims of Kant's philosophy. Similar thoughts are also central to much contemporary theorising about education-such as the emphasis on fostering critical thinking in children and students 1 -and to certain educational practices and policies-such as practices of assessment where we are concerned with what individual students can do independently of others. However, recent findings in psychology indicate that thinking collaboratively is often preferable to solitary thinking. This raises the question: Is 'Think for yourself' good advice indeed?One might think Kant's explicit endorsement of reasoning for oneself as a model for enlightened thinking alongside his well-known fondness for the a priori would commit him to a form of individualism, according to which the most important questions of human existence, those of morality, can and should be worked out in solitary introspection. 2

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Kant on Freedom

Ware

2023

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Kant's early critics maintained that his theory of freedom faces a dilemma: either it reduces the will's activity to strict necessity by making it subject to the causality of the moral law, or it reduces the will's activity to blind chance by liberating it from rules of any kind. This Element offers a new interpretation of Kant's theory against the backdrop of this controversy. It argues that Kant was a consistent proponent of the claim that the moral law is the causal law of a free will, and that the supposed ability of free will to choose indifferently between options is an empty concept. Freedom, for Kant, is a power to initiate action from oneself, and the only way to exercise this power is through the law of one's own will, the moral law. Immoral action is not thereby rendered impossible, but it also does not express a genuine ability.

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Kant's Justification of Ethics

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Who is Rationalising? On an Overlooked Problem for Kant’s Moral Psychology and Method of Ethics

Who is Rationalising? On an Overlooked Problem for Kant’s Moral Psychology and Method of Ethics

Kant on thinking for oneself and with others—the ethical a priori, openness and diversity

Kant on Freedom

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