Kalmyks from Republic of Kalmykia, Russia

Loginova, Maria; Smirnova, Daria; Kutyavina, Svetlana; Makhova, Olga; Kashin, Konstantin; Paramonov, Igor

doi:10.1111/tan.14177

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Moreover, Papuans ( Main et al, 2001 ) and New Caledonians ( Main et al, 2001 ) cluster with the Indigenous Australians, whereas the rest of the Asian populations split into three groups formed by 1) continental and 2) insular SEA, and 3) NEA. Of note, the Russian Kalmyks ( Loginova et al, 2021 ), although settled in Europe, cluster with other populations of Mongolian ethnic descent, and Arctic populations west of the Urals ( Evseeva et al, 2002 ; Johansson et al, 2008 ; Harbo et al, 2010 ) are also found in the Asian cluster.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Migrant populations like the European Roma or European-descendant and African-descendant populations in other continents are represented with specific pictograms next to the ancestral region to which they show relatedness. In addition, the closeness of the Russian Kalmyks ( Loginova et al, 2021 ) in the European Republic of Kalmykia to other NEA populations, that of the Taiwanese indigenous people and populations from Polynesia and New Zealand, and of Alaska Natives and Inuit with North-East Siberian populations are highlighted by a discontinuous arrow/line. For visual clarity, one circle can represent several population samples from the same region around that location, especially in regions with high sampling density (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 86%

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An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II

2023

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HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to 50 HLA-A and HLA-B (class I) as well as 13 HLA-DRB1 (class II) first-field frequencies in 200 populations from all continents. Our results confirm a strong effect of geography on the distribution of HLA class I allele groups, with principal coordinates analysis closely resembling geographical location of populations, especially those of Africa-Eurasia. Conversely, class II frequencies stratify populations along a continuum of differentiation less clearly correlated to actual geographic location. Double clustering analysis revealed finer intra-continental sub-clusters (e.g., Northern and Western Europe vs. South East Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia; South and East Africa vs. West Africa), and HLA allele group patterns characteristic of these clusters. Ancient (Austronesian expansion) and more recent (Romani people in Europe) migrations, as well as extreme differentiation (Taiwan indigenous peoples, Native Americans), and interregional gene flow (Sámi, Egyptians) are also reflected by the results. Barrier analysis comparing DST and geographic location identified genetic discontinuities caused by natural barriers or human behavior explaining inter and intra-continental HLA borders for class I and class II. Overall, a progressive reduction in HLA diversity from African to Oceanian and Native American populations is noted. This analysis of HLA frequencies in a unique set of worldwide populations confirms previous findings on the remarkable similarity of class I frequencies to geography, but also shows a more complex development for class II, with implications for both human evolutionary studies and biomedical research.

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