Kalanchoe: The Genus and Its Chromosomes

Baldwin, J. T.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1938.tb09263.x

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the majority of Araliaceae have 2n = 24 or 48, H. colchica has 2n = 192, which represents one of the highest chromosome numbers in flowering plants (a few higher published reports are of Kalanchoe, a genus of Crassulaceae, which is 2n = ca. 250, Baldwin, 1938; and Sedum suaveolens Kimnach, also of Crassulaceae, which has 2n = ca. 640, the highest known in seed plants, Uhl, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal evolution in Araliaceae and close relatives

Lowry

Plunkett

et al. 2004

TAXON

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Chromosome numbers of 45 accessions representing 16 genera and 37 species of Araliaceae are herein reported, of which 30 species and seven genera (Apiopetalum, Arthrophyllum, Delarbrea, Merrilliopanax, Metapanax, Myodocarpus, and Pseudosciadium) are recorded for the first time. The evolution of this character is also examined in light of recent hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. Chromosome numbers in the family are relatively uniform, generally with 2n = 24 or 48. However, the genus Hedera exhibits extreme variability, with a polyploid series ranging from 2n = 48 to 192. The basic number of Araliaceae is inferred to be x = 12, although x = 6 cannot be ruled out. The “Asian palmate” clade, the largest of the three major clades of core Araliaceae, is primarily characterized by polyploidy, although several genera have sometimes been regarded as evolutionarily “primitive”. By contrast, Aralia, Panax, and Polyscias (representing other major clades within the family) include species with both diploids and tetraploids. Four genera recently segregated from core Araliaceae (Apiopetalum, Delarbrea, Myodocarpus, and Pseudosciadium) are reported as n = 12. The formerly apiaceous Hydrocotyle (now placed in Araliaceae) is best interpreted as x = 12, although some aneuploid species may exist with x = 9. Hydrocotyle also exhibits extensive variation in ploidal level. Within Araliaceae, chromosomal variation is largely related to ploidal level, with relatively few cases of aneuploidy, such as those documented in Panax ginseng and Hydrocotyle. The available data are largely consistent with the hypothesis that the basic chromosome number of Apiales is x = 6.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal evolution in Araliaceae and close relatives

Lowry

Plunkett

et al. 2004

TAXON

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“…in the family Crassulaceae comprises 144 species (Kubitzki, 2007) and are mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Members of this genus typically have succulent leaves, pendulous or erect flowers, and eight stamens inserted in the middle or at the base of the tubular corolla (Baldwin, 1938). Many Kalanchoe species are important horticultural plants for they can be readily propagated from stem cuttings or clonally produced as small plantlets along the leaf margins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the genus Kalanchoe was first published by Michel Adanson (1727Adanson ( -1806, its taxonomical status with Bryophyllum Salisb. and Kitchingia Baker was not clear (Baldwin, 1938). With advances in molecular technology, the taxonomical status of Kalanchoe has been revisited, and progress has been made in this area in recent years (Van Ham and Hart, 1998;Gehrig et al, 2001;Gontcharova and Gontcharov, 2009;Chernetskyy, 2013;Smith and Figueiredo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative and Evolutionary Analyses on the Complete Plastomes of Five Kalanchoe Horticultural Plants

et al. 2021

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Many species of the genus Kalanchoe are important horticultural plants. They have evolved the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway to allow them to be better adapted to dry environments. Despite their importance, it is still debating whether Kalanchoe is monophyletic, and understanding the past diversification of this genus requires a tremendous amount of effort and work being devoted to the studies of morphological and molecular characters of this genus. However, molecular information, plastic sequence data, in particular, reported on Kalanchoe species is scarce, and this has posed a great challenge in trying to interpret the evolutionary history of this genus. In this study, plastomes of the five Kalanchoe species, including Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Kalanchoe delagoensis, Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, Kalanchoe longiflora, and Kalanchoe pinnata, were sequenced and analyzed. The results indicate that the five plastomes are comparable in size, guanine-cytosine (GC) contents and the number of genes, which also demonstrate an insignificant difference in comparison with other species from the family Crassulaceae. About 224 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 144 long repeats were identified in the five plastomes, and most of these are distributed in the inverted repeat regions. In addition, highly divergent regions containing either single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion or deletion (InDel) mutations are discovered, which could be potentially used for establishing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Kalanchoe genus in future studies. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bryophyllum should be placed into one single genus as Kalanchoe. Further genomic analyses also reveal that several genes are undergone positive selection. Among them, 11 genes are involved in important cellular processes, such as cell survival, electron transfer, and may have played indispensable roles in the adaptive evolution of Kalanchoe to dry environments.

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“…Fast genetic selection may occur in partially self-incompatible species, where rapidly evolving adaptations can facilitate self-compatibility. In addition, some species in Kalanchoe are known to be polyploid (Baldwin 1938), a characteristic that can break self-incompatibility mechanisms and provide opportunities for the evolution of selffertilization (Chawla et al 1997). The low frequency of nonherkogamous plants in the SDTFvr may indicate the early stages of a microevolutionary shift in the breeding system of K. pinnata in a similar manner to the many self-incompatible to self-compatible transitions observed in other angiosperms (Barrett 2002;Igic et al 2004;Mast et al 2006;Ferrer and Good-Avila 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The genus Kalanchoe is native to Madagascar and southern Africa (Gehrig et al 2001), but many species have been introduced worldwide for ornamental purposes because of their colorful and dense blooms (Baldwin 1938); in central Veracruz, formal records of K. pinnata date back to 1967 (XAL-81942). Asexual propagation is a common characteristic of many Kalanchoe species and self-compatibility has also been reported in some species of Crassulaceae (Jones et al 2010), including the invasive K. daigremontiana, which is reported to be autogamous (Herrera and Nassar 2009), and K. pinnata (partially selfcompatible) in Venezuela (Ram ırez & Nelson 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating system, population growth, and management scenario for Kalanchoe pinnata in an invaded seasonally dry tropical forest

León

Herrera

Guevara

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Ecological invasions are a major issue worldwide, where successful invasion depends on traits that facilitate dispersion, establishment, and population growth. The nonnative succulent plant Kalanchoe pinnata, reported as invasive in some countries, is widespread in remnants of seasonally dry tropical forest on a volcanic outcrop with high conservation value in east‐central Mexico where we assessed its mating system and demographic growth and identified management strategies. To understand its local mating system, we conducted hand‐pollination treatments, germination, and survival experiments. Based on the experimental data, we constructed a life‐stage population matrix, identified the key traits for population growth, weighted the contributions of vegetative and sexual reproduction, and evaluated management scenarios. Hand‐pollination treatments had slight effects on fruit and seed setting, as well as on germination. With natural pollination treatment, the successful germination of seeds from only 2/39 fruit suggests occasional effective natural cross‐pollination. The ratios of the metrics for self‐ and cross‐pollinated flowers suggest that K. pinnata is partially self‐compatible. Most of the pollinated flowers developed into fruit, but the seed germination and seedling survival rates were low. Thus, vegetative propagation and juvenile survival are the main drivers of population growth. Simulations of a virtual K. pinnata population suggest that an intense and sustained weeding campaign will reduce the population within at least 10 years. Synthesis and applications. The study population is partially self‐compatible, but sexual reproduction by K. pinnata is limited at the study site, and population growth is supported by vegetative propagation and juvenile survival. Demographic modeling provides key insights and realistic forecasts on invasion process and therefore is useful to design management strategies.

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Kalanchoe: The Genus and Its Chromosomes

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Chromosomal evolution in Araliaceae and close relatives

Chromosomal evolution in Araliaceae and close relatives

Comparative and Evolutionary Analyses on the Complete Plastomes of Five Kalanchoe Horticultural Plants

Mating system, population growth, and management scenario for Kalanchoe pinnata in an invaded seasonally dry tropical forest

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