Kajian Epidemiologi P. Knowlesi Di Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2018-2019

Abstract

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah menetapkan Indonesia akan mencapai fase eliminasi malaria pada tahun 2030. Tapi, periode tahun 2018-2019 di Provinsi Aceh dilaporkan masih adanya temuan 19 kasus positif infeksi P. knowlesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis faktor risiko terhadap kasus infeksi P. knowlesi di Provinsi Aceh periode tahun 2018 s/d 2019. Penelitian observasional dengan desain penelitian kasus kontrol, dilakukan di 4 wilayah kabupaten/ kota yang menjadi lokasi penemuan kasus infeksi P. knowlesi di Provinsi Aceh. Populasinya seluruh masyarakat dari 4 kabupaten/kota yang menjadi lokasi penelitian yang potensial tinggal dekat hutan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 74 orang (16 kasus: 58 kontrol). Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil uji analisis bivariat didapatkan ada hubungan antara kebiasaan keluar malam hari (p=0,001) dengan kejadian infeksi P. knowlesi. Selanjutnya tidak ada hubungan antara keberadaan macaca, lingkungan hutan, obat anti nyamuk, kelambu, dan kawat kasa dengan kejadian infeksi P. knowlesi. Hasil analisis multivariat untuk keseluruhan variabel penelitian diketahui bahwa kebiasaan keluar malam hari merupakan prediktor paling dominan terhadap kejadian infeksi P. knowlesi ((OR=11,25) (95% CI: 3,01 – 42,08) p Value =0,000). Hasil penelitian secara umum menyimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan keluar malam hari secara signifikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kejadian infeksi P. knowlesi di provinsi Aceh.
 
 The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has determined that Indonesia will reach the elimination phase of malaria in 2030. But, in period 2018 - 2019 Aceh Province is reported to have found 19 positive cases of P. knowlesi infection. This research aims to dorisk factor analysis of cases P. knowlesi infection in Aceh Province for the period 2018 to 2019. This observational study with a case control research design was conducted in 4 districts/ cities which were the location for finding cases of P. knowlesi infection in Aceh Province. Its populationAll people from the 4 districts / cities that are potential research locations live near the forest. The research sample was 74 people (16 cases: 58 control). Data analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. The results of the bivariate analysis test showed that there was a relationship between the habit of going out at night (p=0.001) with the incidence of P. knowlesi infection. Furthermore, there is no relationship between the presence of macaca, forest environment, mosquito repellent, mosquito nets, and gauze with the incidence of P. knowlesi infection. The results of multivariate analysis for all research variables showed that nighttime out habits were the most dominant predictor of P. knowlesi infection ((OR = 11.25) (95% CI: 3.01 - 42.08) p value = 0.000). The results of the study generally concluded that the habit of going out at night had a significant effect on the incidence of P. knowlesi infection in Aceh province.

Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?

“…2 ). From the published literature, in Aceh province, 15 P. knowlesi cases occurred in 2014 [ 23 ], 20 cases during 2014–2015, and 16 cases in the 2018–2019 period [ 20 , 21 , 25 ]. In Jambi province, one case was collected in 2015 [ 19 ].…”

“…In 2018, 15 cases of P. knowlesi infection were reported in Aceh Province using a nested PCR method that targets the cytochrome b gene and Alu-I enzyme digestion, followed by confirmation using 18S rRNA nested PCR [ 23 ]. In 2018–2019, 16 cases of PCR-confirmed P. knowlesi malaria were reported in Aceh [ 25 ]. Of all published P. knowlesi malaria cases, only two were diagnosed using microscopy (Table 1 ), confirming the global accuracy of the case definition.…”