Kaita ir nacionalinė tapatybė užsienio politikos studijose : Lietuvos atvejis

Karpavičiūtė, Ieva

doi:10.7220/2335-7185.13.5

PMA

2013

DOI: 10.7220/2335-7185.13.5

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Kaita ir nacionalinė tapatybė užsienio politikos studijose : Lietuvos atvejis

Ieva Karpavičiūtė¹

Abstract: kaitą: 1990kaitą: -1994kaitą: m. -suverenumo įtvirtinimo, 1994kaitą: -2004kaitą: m. -integracijos, 2004kaitą: -2010kaitą: m. -euforijos, nuo 2010

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Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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Identity Factors in the Making Ofbaltic States’ Foreign Policy Coursein 1991–2014

Valodzkin¹

2021

EHS

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Foreign policies of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in post-Soviet decades have been prominent for their continuity and consistency. Since identity is usually considered as one of the major factors of consistency and continuity of politics, the goal was set to examine the role of different identity factors in formation of foreign policies of the three Baltic states in the period from international recognition of their independence in August 1991 to the Ukrainian Crisis of spring 2014 in European politics. The analysis of literature and sources suggests some assumptions on how identity-related factors influenced foreign policies of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, They could be summarized in a hypothesis that making of the Baltic foreign policies was deeply influenced by “ethnocratic” nature of political regimes, establishedin Baltic states, ideological constructs based on their historical memories and memory politics as well as geopolitical identities of being “small states” and being influenced by the “Baltic unity” idea. Examining of these assumptions allows to conclude that effects of some identity factors, like ethnic identities, are often overestimated, while others really played very important, sometimes decisive, role in developments of major foreign policy vectors of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.The deterioration of their relations with Russia in the period under review was largelydetermined by ideological constructs of legal state continuity and Soviet occupation deeply rooted in the XX century historical memories of Baltic states. While Western vectors of their foreign policies and first of all their relations with the USA developed in line with the logic of securitization based on self-perception of Baltic political elites of being “small states”.

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Identity Factors in the Making Ofbaltic States’ Foreign Policy Coursein 1991–2014

Valodzkin¹

2021

EHS

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Russian soft power in the Baltic States through the lens of research: traditions, competition, confrontation

Vorotnikov

Akindinova²

2019

Balt. Reg.

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In this article, we aim to analyse the research discourse in the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) as regards Russian soft power, which is considered as hard power, and to compare the theses that dominate this discourse with the actual interactions between Russia and the three states in media, education, and culture. Each Baltic country has built a system of political and legal restrictions to diminish the effect of Russian soft power, which is considered in terms of hard power, i.e. as a threat to national security. The current forms of Russian soft power are becoming less productive in the region and their use in the negative political context of bilateral relations has the opposite effect for Russia – the country loses in reputation and image. The main factor at play is the information content of the Russian-language media space. At odds with the historical and political views of a significant part of the Baltic States’ ruling class, it is becoming the target of counteraction. At the same time, Russian high and mass culture and, partly, educational services are in demand from both Baltic Russian speakers and ethnic Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians. Our analysis shows that the views of Baltic researchers that Russian soft power is politics-driven and foreign to the region are exaggerated and biased. In its turn, Russian soft power in the Baltics retains the potential to aid the country’s foreign policy, being a complement to the latter rather than its direct tool.

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Kaita ir nacionalinė tapatybė užsienio politikos studijose : Lietuvos atvejis

Abstract: kaitą: 1990kaitą: -1994kaitą: m. -suverenumo įtvirtinimo, 1994kaitą: -2004kaitą: m. -integracijos, 2004kaitą: -2010kaitą: m. -euforijos, nuo 2010

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Identity Factors in the Making Ofbaltic States’ Foreign Policy Coursein 1991–2014

Identity Factors in the Making Ofbaltic States’ Foreign Policy Coursein 1991–2014

Russian soft power in the Baltic States through the lens of research: traditions, competition, confrontation

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