“…The simulators in Table 1 all have their own unique theoretical background implemented into the simulator. They promoted safe exercise [Tang et al, 2007;Kikuchi et al, 2012], derived mathematical models [He et al, 2005], implemented Stewart platforms [Kwon et al, 2001;Kwon et al, 2002] and analyzed safety [Miyanoue et al, 2015]. Each of the five reference systems provide programmable, dynamic pedal resistance while delivering the steering angle and velocity to the graphical simulator system, but each one failed to compare their theoretical results with the real world.…”