Kainate-Triggered Currents in<i>Xenopus</i>Oocytes Injected with Chick Retinal Membrane Fragments: Effect of Guanine Nucleotides

Aleu, Jordi; Barat, Ana; Solsona, Carles; Marsal, Jordi; Ramı́rez, Galo

doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0669

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This result corroborated studies from other groups, which had previously shown that the inhibitory effects of guanine nucleotides on the binding of glutamate or ionotropic glutamatergic ligands presented several inconsistencies, when compared with studies on receptors known to be coupled to their second messengers through a G-protein [6,[87][88][89][90]. Subsequent studies from our group supported the hypothesis that guanine nucleotides could antagonize the glutamatergic transmission by acting at extracellular sites located on the membrane surface [91][92][93][94].…”

Section: Insights Into the Mechanism Of Action Of Guaninebased Purinessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It was observed that guanine nucleotides inhibited glutamatestimulated GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) phosphorylation [96], glutamate (and analogs)-induced modulation of intracellular cAMP levels [97,98], kainate-stimulated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release [4], kainate-activated currents [94,101] and kainate-stimulated increase in Ca 2+ influx [93]. Since most excitatory synapses in the CNS have glutamate as neurotransmitter, the potential modulatory action of guanine nucleotides on the glutamatergic neurotransmission claimed attention to new investigations on their extracellular roles.…”

Section: Insights Into the Mechanism Of Action Of Guaninebased Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Guanine-Based Purinergic System in Seizures and Epilepsy

Schmidt¹,

Souza²

2010

TONEURJ

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Guanine-based purines have been traditionally studied as modulators of intracellular processes, mainly Gprotein activity. However, more recently, several studies have shown that they exert a variety of extracellular effects not related to G-proteins, including trophic effects on neural cells, modulation of glutamatergic activity, behavioral effects and anticonvulsant activity. In this article, the putative effects of the guanine-based purines against seizures and neurotoxicity are reviewed. Current evidence suggests that guanine-based purines, especially guanosine, seem to be endogenous anticonvulsant substances, perhaps in a similar way to the adenine-based purines. Although studies addressing the mechanism of action of guanine-based purines are still lacking, their anticonvulsant activity is probably related to the modulation of several glutamatergic parameters, especially the astrocytic glutamate uptake. These findings point to the guaninebased purines as potential new targets for the development of novel drugs for neuroprotection and management of epilepsy.

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Section: Insights Into the Mechanism Of Action Of Guaninebased Purinessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Insights Into the Mechanism Of Action Of Guaninebased Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Guanine-Based Purinergic System in Seizures and Epilepsy

Schmidt¹,

Souza²

2010

TONEURJ

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“…By contrast, the use of KA in rodents has been widely applied for many years and, in this sense, quinoxaline derivatives (e.g. DNQX, CNQX or NBQX) have been routinely used to antagonize the deleterious effects of KA over the last two decades (Burgos et al. , 1998, 2003; Lee et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kainate administered to adult zebrafish causes seizures similar to those in rodent models

Alfaro

Ripoll-Gómez

Burgos

2011

European Journal of Neuroscience

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Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Excitotoxicity, caused by over-stimulation of the glutamate receptors, is a major cause of neuron death in several brain diseases, including epilepsy. We describe here how behavioural seizures can be triggered in adult zebrafish by the administration of kainate and are very similar to those observed in rodent models. Kainate induced a dose-dependent sequence of behavioural changes culminating in clonus-like convulsions. Behavioural seizures were suppressed by DNQX (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) dose-dependently, whilst MK-801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) had a lesser effect. Kainate triggers seizures in adult zebrafish, and thus this species can be considered as a new model for studying seizures and subsequent excitotoxic brain injury.

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“…Since then, several groups have followed this approach of the intracellular injection of plasma membranes to study foreign membrane proteins in Xenopus oocytes (reviewed in [ 12 ]). Thus, many neuroreceptors, transporters, and ion channels have been transplanted from their original cells to the oocyte membrane including: (i) nAChRs from Torpedo electroplaques [ 33 , 47 ], muscle fibers [ 48 , 49 ], brain neurons [ 50 ], and from cell lines overexpressing heterologous neuronal nAChRs [ 26 ]; (ii) gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA A R) from the brain synaptosomal membranes [ 15 , 26 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]; (iii) glutamate (AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/Kainate/NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors [ 26 , 52 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]; (iv) voltage-activated Na + and Ca 2+ channels from the human brain [ 34 , 65 ]; (v) Cl − channels from Torpedo electroplax [ 33 , 47 ] and from human syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes [ 66 ]; and (vi) membrane transporters such as P-glycoprotein [ 31 ] and the Cl − transporters, KCC1 (K + –Cl − cotransporter type 1) and NKCC2 (Na + –K + –Cl − cotransporter type 2; [ 55 ]).…”

Section: Transplant Of Fully Processed Membrane Proteins To the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenopus Oocytes as a Powerful Cellular Model to Study Foreign Fully-Processed Membrane Proteins

et al. 2022

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The use of Xenopus oocytes in electrophysiological and biophysical research constitutes a long and successful story, providing major advances to the knowledge of the function and modulation of membrane proteins, mostly receptors, ion channels, and transporters. Earlier reports showed that these cells are capable of correctly expressing heterologous proteins after injecting the corresponding mRNA or cDNA. More recently, the Xenopus oocyte has become an outstanding host–cell model to carry out detailed studies on the function of fully-processed foreign membrane proteins after their microtransplantation to the oocyte. This review focused on the latter overall process of transplanting foreign membrane proteins to the oocyte after injecting plasma membranes or purified and reconstituted proteins. This experimental approach allows for the study of both the function of mature proteins, with their native stoichiometry and post-translational modifications, and their putative modulation by surrounding lipids, mostly when the protein is purified and reconstituted in lipid matrices of defined composition. Remarkably, this methodology enables functional microtransplantation to the oocyte of membrane receptors, ion channels, and transporters from different sources including human post-mortem tissue banks. Despite the large progress achieved over the last decades on the structure, function, and modulation of neuroreceptors and ion channels in healthy and pathological tissues, many unanswered questions remain and, most likely, Xenopus oocytes will continue to help provide valuable responses.

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Kainate-Triggered Currents inXenopusOocytes Injected with Chick Retinal Membrane Fragments: Effect of Guanine Nucleotides

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

The Role of the Guanine-Based Purinergic System in Seizures and Epilepsy

The Role of the Guanine-Based Purinergic System in Seizures and Epilepsy

Kainate administered to adult zebrafish causes seizures similar to those in rodent models

Xenopus Oocytes as a Powerful Cellular Model to Study Foreign Fully-Processed Membrane Proteins

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