Kainate receptor activation depresses synaptic release of neurotransmitter at a number of synapses in the CNS. The mechanism underlying this depression is controversial, and both ionotropic and metabotropic mechanisms have been suggested. We report here that the AMPA/kainate receptor agonists domoate (DA) and kainate (KA) cause a presynaptic depression of glutamatergic transmission at CA33CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, which is not blocked by the AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 53655 but is blocked by the AMPA/KA receptor antagonist CNQX. Neither a blockade of interneuronal discharge nor antagonists of several neuromodulators affect the depression, suggesting that it is not the result of indirect excitation and subsequent release of a neuromodulator. Presynaptic depolarization, achieved via increasing extracellular K ϩ , caused a depression of the presynaptic fiber volley and an increase in the frequency of miniature EPSCs. Neither effect was observed with DA, suggesting that DA does not depress transmission via a presynaptic depolarization. However, the effects of DA were abolished by the G-protein inhibitors N-ethylmaleimide and pertussis toxin. These results suggest that KA receptor activation depresses synaptic transmission at this synapse via a direct, presynaptic, metabotropic action.
Key words: domoate; kainate; metabotropic; presynaptic; hippocampus; CA1Neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS can be separated into two broad classes: ionotropic receptors, which are coupled to ligandgated conductances, and metabotropic receptors, which couple to GTP-binding proteins. Kainate receptors (KARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that, in addition to having conventional postsynaptic actions, are thought to act as presynaptic inhibitors of transmitter release at a number of synapses in the CNS (for review, see Frerking and Nicoll, 2000). The mechanisms underlying this depression are controversial. Both direct actions of presynaptic KARs (Chittajallu et al., 1996;Rodríguez-Moreno et al., 1997;Schmitz et al., 2000) and indirect actions of somatodendritic KARs (Frerking et al., 1999;Chergui et al., 2000;Schmitz et al., 2000) have been proposed to account for this presynaptic effect. The depression has also been suggested to be the downstream result of presynaptic depolarization via the conventional ionotropic actions of KARs (Chittajallu et al., 1996;Kamiya and Ozawa, 1998;Schmitz et al., 2000) or alternatively via a novel KAR-coupled metabotropic cascade (Rodríguez-Moreno and Lerma, 1998;Rodríguez-Moreno et al., 2000).One difficulty in interpreting the effects of KAR activation is the frequent presence of somatodendritic KARs on the presynaptic neurons, which can lead to a number of different types of use-dependent depression. Glutamatergic CA33 CA1 synapses in the hippocampus provide a good system in which to study the KAR-induced depression, because the somatodendritic region of the presynaptic CA3 cells can be removed by microdissection. At these synapses, the KAR agonists kainate (KA) and domoate (DA) both indu...