Kaempferol relieves the DSS-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6J mice, alleviates intestinal angiogenesis, and regulates colonic microflora structure

A Critical Review of Kaempferol in Intestinal Health and Diseases

“…Most recently, it was found that the oral administration of kaempferol at doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day resulted in a reduction of inflammation in the colon of C57BL/6J mice with chronic colitis induced by DSS. This reduction was evident from a decrease in the levels of colonic IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as colonic CRP (C-reaction protein) and MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity [ 36 ]. Notably, the administration of kaempferol also led to a decrease in disease activity index and the colonic H&E score of the mice [ 36 ].…”

“…This reduction was evident from a decrease in the levels of colonic IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as colonic CRP (C-reaction protein) and MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity [ 36 ]. Notably, the administration of kaempferol also led to a decrease in disease activity index and the colonic H&E score of the mice [ 36 ]. Consistently, it was also documented that oral administration of kaempferol at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day resulted in decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum of DSS-challenged mice.…”

“…It was discovered that the oral administration of doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day effectively reduced the levels of serum D-lactate and FITC-dextran in C57BL/6J mice with chronic colitis induced by DSS [ 36 ]. This decrease signifies an enhancement in the barrier function.…”

“…Of note, the attention of researchers has been drawn to kaempferol owing to its regulatory potential on gut microbiota. The key role of kaempferol was highlighted in preserving the gut microbiota by documenting the effects of kaempferol on diminishing DSS-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6J mice [ 36 ]. Using the fecal microbiota transplantation method, the modulatory effects of kaempferol was confirmed on murine experimental colitis in C57BL/6J mice, which is strongly associated with the modification of the gut microbiota [ 37 ].…”

“…It was reported that oral administration of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day demonstrated a mitigating effect on intestinal angiogenesis in mice. This was evidenced by a reduction in VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) and NO levels, an increase in IL-22BP (interleukin-22 binding protein) protein level, and a decrease in VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6) protein levels, as well as VEGFR2 (IHC score) and microvascular density of the mice [ 36 ]. In a recent study, it was observed that the pretreatment of rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells with 100 μmol/L kaempferol for a duration of 24 h effectively hindered angiogenesis initiated by LPS and TNF-α [ 41 ].…”