Kaempferia diterpenoids and flavonoids: an overview on phytochemistry, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics

Albiflorenes A–L, polyoxygenated cyclohex(a/e)ne diterpene esters from Kaempferia albiflora

“…Its structure and absolute configuration (4R,5R,10S), were verified by comparing spectroscopic data, including ECD patterns, with previously recorded information. Consequently, in conjunction with biogenetic reasoning suggesting that this compound serves as another precursor for polyoxygenated cyclohexane diterpenoid esters (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) found within this plant, the structure and absolute stereochemistry of unit A segment in compound 3 were subsequently affirmed as dehydroabietic acid. The 1 H-NMR data of unit B in 3 showed resonances indicative of a benzoyl group (5H) resonating between δ H 7.41 and 8.03, along with a polyoxygenated cyclohexene moiety.…”

“…2 Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand. 3 Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand. 4 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.…”

“…K. uttaraditensis) 19 , a plant belonging to the subgenus Protanthium of the Kaempferia genus, which is endemic to Thailand. This study provided a detailed structural elucidation of twelve unprecedented compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), along with nine previously reported compounds (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), isolated from the combined CH 2 Cl 2 -MeOH (1:1) extract and the EtOAc extract of the whole plants of K. albiflora. Bioassay probing the potential antimicrobial activity of the isolates was performed, and the results showed that albiflorene C exhibited good antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (Fig.…”

“…Several species of this genus hold economic value for their medicinal or culinary purposes, for example, K. parviflora, which has gained significant interest in the last twenty years as a supplement for enhancing vitality; and K. galanga, which is known for its rhizome that serves as a flavor spice of various cooking. In recent years, there has been growing interest in Kaempferia plants due to their diverse structural variations with interesting biological properties 3 . Several studies on this genus have led to the discovery of flavonoids 4 , diterpenoids [5][6][7] , and polyoxygenated cyclohexenes 8,9 , many of which possess antimalarial 4,5 , antimicrobial 5,10 , anti-inflammatory [11][12][13][14] , and cytotoxic properties 15 .…”