K12-B A Test Site for Co2 Storage and Enhanced Gas Recovery

Abstract

As part of the Dutch Climate Policy on the implementation of the Kyoto protocol, the Netherlands government is currently investigating to what extent CO2 sequestration in the deep subsurface could help reduce CO2 emissions. On 7 February 2002 the Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs introduced a new policy to promote feasibility studies into CO2 storage in the subsurface (The CRUST program). Gaz de France Production Netherlands B.V. (GPN) is currently producing natural gas from the Dutch North Sea continental shelf. As one of the players in the Dutch gas supply market, GPN supports the idea of injecting CO2 into depleted gas fields in order to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The gas produced at one of GPN's platforms, the K12-B platform, contains a relatively high proportion of CO2. This CO2 is at present separated from the produced natural gas and released into the atmosphere. Preliminary assessment shows that it may be relatively easy to re-inject this CO2 into the Rotliegend gas reservoir. The reservoir is located at a depth of some 3800 meters; with a hydrostatic pressure regime and a formation temperature of 132 °C. Hence GPN's K12-B platform offers a good opportunity to study the technical conditions of CO2 injection at greater depths including the behavior of the gas reservoir itself. Developing the CO2-injection demonstration facility at the K12-B platform will increase our understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of this technique. This paper reports on the results of the phase 1 and 2 studies of the ORC project - Offshore Re-injection of CO2. Phase 1 included a desk feasibility study into the possibility of underground CO2 injection at the K12-B platform. Phase 2 comprises of actual demonstration of the concept of underground storage. Some results of the early CO2 injection tests ar1 reported. Introduction The Netherlands has very actively contributed to research into the possibility of subsurface CO2 storage. This was highlighted by the fact that the first Greenhouse Gas Mitigation conference was held in Amsterdam, in 1992[1]. During the past 12 years, the Dutch tried to find a suitable field-scale test site in the Netherlands. However, in the meantime, storage plans and objectives changed and the project suffered greatly from financial constraints. However, the key question remained: "can underground storage of CO2 be achieved, and can CO2 that has been stored underground be recovered and re-used". The Offshore Re-injection of CO2 (ORC) project by GPN is subsidized by the CRUST subsidy arrangement. The ORC project aims to investigate the feasibility of CO2 injection and storage in depleted natural gas fields with the objective to realize a permanent CO2 injection facility on short terms. The nearly depleted K12-B gas reservoir produced via the K12-B platform in the North Sea was chosen as demonstration site for the ORC project. The ORC project consists of three phases:Phase 1: Feasibility study, a desk top study to investigating the feasibility of underground CO2 injection at K12-B by optimum use of existing installations, equipment and techniques;Phase 2: The actual demonstration of offshore underground CO2 re-injection by means of a small scale operational test facility. During the demonstration phase about 30,000 Nm3 CO2 per day will be re-injected, this is about 20 kton per year.Phase 3: Scale-up to a full scale CO2 injection unit including the investigation of possibilities for future re-use of the injected CO2. During the full-scale phase about 20,000 to 30,000 Nm3 CO2 per hour will be injected, this is about 310–475 kton per year.

CO2 Sequestration in a Depleted Gas Field: A Material Balance Study

“…The injected CO 2 will raise reservoir pressure, which in turn will increase hydrocarbon gas production by reactivating shut-in gas production wells. Van der Meer et al (2005) discussed actually pilot testing the CO 2 sequestration process in a gas reservoir offshore in the North Sea near the Netherlands. The produced gas contains 13% CO 2 and the separated CO 2 is reinjected into the reservoir at a pilot injection well.…”

Assessment of CO2 Storage in DF1-1 Gas Field South China Sea for a CCS Demonstration

“…The schematic diagram of the process design is shown in Figure 4, mainly including gas separation, compression and injection (12) , and a similar scheme was used in the K12-B project (4) . The gas is taken from producer Well D5h, which is producing from the upper Group III formation of the DF1-1 gas field (Well D5h is shown in Figures 2 and 3).…”

“…Many techniques have been considered, by both the company and research institutions in China, to sequester or use the CO 2 resources from the Dongfang gas terminal for industrial applications, such as producing fertilizer, plastics or concrete materials for buildings (2) . In this study, a demonstrative project of a CCS technique is considered, proposing to inject CO 2 separated on the platform back into the original gas reservoir, similar to the demonstration projects carried out in Sleipner (Norway) (3) , K12-B (Netherlands) (4) and in Salah (Algeria) (5) . The design of the project and its feasibility study on main technical and economic issues are presented in this paper.…”

CO2 storage safety and leakage monitoring in the CCS demonstration project of Jilin oilfield, China

“…Worldwide, many CCS projects have been conducted over recent years intending to demonstrate the feasibility of CO 2 geological storage, and to show the trapping safety of CO 2 in geological structures. [1][2][3][4][5] Th e Weyburn program in Canada is the fi rst large-scale CO 2 EOR and storage demonstration project in the world; it started in July 2000. Th is project uses CO 2 gas from a coal gasifi cation plant located in the United States.…”