K-shell ionization cross sections of Cl and Lα, Lβ X-ray production cross sections of Ba by 6–30keV electron impact

M αβ X-ray production cross sections of Pb and Bi by 9–40 keV electron impact

“…For example, the experimental results of Merlet et al for Bi M α [19] are in consistence with the DWBA-Puri values. Although some similar conclusions that the experimental values of atomic 013401-4 inner-shell cross sections are much lower than the DWBA calculated values have been given, [16,35,36] we still need to pay attention to this difference prudently. Even though we have taken into account all possible factors, more accurate measurements of M-shell X-ray production cross sections for high-Z elements by keV electrons impact need be done.…”

“…[11][12][13] For the reported experimental data of K-and L-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact in the incident electron energy region up to several keV, it seems that the DWBA theory is more suitable than the other recently developed theoretical models for the description of atomic ionization. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Up to now, there are very few studies for M shells. [19,20] In Ref.…”

Standardless quantification methods in electron probe microanalysis

“…L shell ionization cross sections are more difficult to obtain, particularly experimental data, because fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition rates are poorly known; nevertheless, some analytical expressions [12,38] and theoretical approaches [40,[50][51][52] were recently developed; in addition, a number of experimental determinations of X-ray production and ionization cross sections [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] were carried out, as reviewed by Llovet et al [60].…”

Silver L1, L2and L3cross-sections for ionization and x-ray production by electron impact

“…where ω 1 , ω 2 , ω 3 are the fluorescence yields for the corresponding L-subshell. This magnitude is often used in the literature [8,21,22] and is proportional to the probability of emitting an L characteristic x-ray photon, regardless of which other shells are involved in the decay. Cross-sections were obtained from spectra acquired in an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS).…”