K-doped layered LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode material: Towards the superior rate capability and cycling performance

“…As Table S2, Supporting Information, indicates, the I (003) / I (104) ratios for the P‐NCM111 and C‐NCM111 samples are 1.41 and 1.34, respectively, implying that the P‐NCM111 has less Li + and Ni 2+ cation disordering in the Li layer than C‐NCM111 does. A well‐ordered layered structure can facilitate the insertion/extraction processes of lithium ions and thereby support the better performance of P‐NCM111, as will be discussed later . The P‐NCM111 and C‐NCM111 samples have c values of 14.2547 and 14.2297, respectively, which means a larger distance between layers in P‐NCM111.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To overcome these drawbacks, researchers have investigated a variety of strategies for optimizing LiNi x Co y Mn 1‐ x ‐ y O 2 (NCM) cathode materials, such as different synthesis processes (e.g., solid‐state reaction, coprecipitation, solvothermal, spray‐drying, sol–gel, molten salt method, and microwave treatment), surface coatings (e.g., Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , Li 2 ZrO 3 , Li 2 O‐B 2 O 3 ‐Li 2 SO 4 , and SiO 2 ), and elemental doping (K + , PO 4 3− , Al 3+ , and Zr 3+ ). These previous efforts have verified that the synthesis processes and related conditions are critical to optimize NCM materials to achieve desirable crystallinity, morphology, and particle size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance 3D Pinecone‐Like LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Shao

Huang

et al. 2019

Energy Tech

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A high‐performance LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode with a uniform pinecone‐like morphology is reported, which is prepared by a solvothermal process, using urea to tune the pH of a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and water, and a subsequent calcination process. The material has uniform, well‐defined pinecone‐like particles with lengths of 3–4 μm and widths of 1–2 μm. It exhibits a significantly enhanced cathodic performance in a Li‐ion battery, with a reversible discharging capacity of up to 199 mAh g−1 when it is charged to 4.6 V at a charge/discharge rate of 0.2 C and of 159.2 mAh g−1 at a rate of 2 C. After 100 charge/discharge cycles, the capacity retention is 91%, demonstrating its superior capacity and stability in comparison with a sample prepared via the coprecipitation method. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy results reveal that the pinecone‐like LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material has markedly lower polarization and lower resistance to the migration of lithium ions than the coprecipitation sample. The material's high performance, especially its outstanding capacity at a high discharge rate and its significantly enhanced cyclability, makes the synthesized pinecone‐like LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 a promising high‐performance cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries.

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“…For the cathode, the transition metal oxide (TMO 2 ) layer and LiO 2 layer alternatively stack, constructing the LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 crystal, with the interlayer spacing of LiO 2 layers being 2.58 Å. [ 34 ] The radii of our concerned Li + , Na + , and K + ions for this system are 0.76, 1.02, and 1.38 Å. [ 35–37 ] Since no Na salt is added into the electrolyte and the potassium ions are larger than the Li ion intercalation channels in the cathode (2.76 Å > 2.58 Å), potassium ions are not able to intercalate into the lithium sites, which therefore realizes the control of only lithium ions intercalation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Ternary Hybrid‐Cation Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Battery and Interfacial Selection Mechanism Study

et al. 2020

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uniformizing the current, stabilizing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), releasing the mechanical stress on electrodes, etc., to eliminate the danger of dendrite and the successive problems like continuous electrolyte/Li consumption. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Not only the intrinsic properties make the use of Li metal a problem, there is growing concern about Li storage in the future considering the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market and the uneven distribution of Li resources. It is estimated that 1/3 of the world's Li storage could be consumed by 2050. [14,15] Therefore, seeking suitable alternatives for Li is an urgent task.Differing from Li in solid state, liquid metals or alloys (LMs), due to the fluidity and high surface tension allowing spontaneous release of the surface strain, are intrinsically free of dendrites. In early years, the LM battery was proposed and reported, with molten LMs as electrodes and molten-salt or solid ceramic electrolytes. [16,17] Due to large bond strengths of metallic bonds, this type of batteries normally needs very high temperature to melt metals, which could cause further issues related to sealing, corrosion, and high cost for rigorous thermal and sealing management. Recently, fusible alloys, maintaining liquid phase under room temperature, have been reported as electrode materials. Fusible alloys including Ga-based alloys (Ga-In, Ga-Sn, etc.) and alkali-based alloys (Na-K, Na-Cs, etc.) are reported as conversion-based alkali-ion anodes or direct anodes containing two or more alkali metal species. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Due to the high earth abundance, potentially low cost, and comparably low potentials (−2.71 V for Na and −2.92 V for K) relative to the −3.01 V for Li, the Na-K liquid alloy becomes an ideal choice to replace Li. [25] These two species are fusible to form a liquid alloy by direct contact, and the resulting alloy has a large liquidus range from around 15% to 70% atomic concentration of Na at room temperature, and a eutectic point as low as −12.6 °C at 32% atomic percent of Na. [26] It indicates a 78.6% of consumable alloy content to remain the alloy in liquid phase as anode at room temperature.Although Na-K alloy has many advantages, the challenges are clear-the complex battery chemistry with more than one species of cation in the system has not been completely understood and the cathodes for neither of the two species are as stable or well-studied as Li-ion cathodes. Because of the larger size of Na and K ions, some of the previously studied Li ion cathodes are not applicable for Na or K in most cases, and the Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2000316

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K-doped layered LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode material: Towards the superior rate capability and cycling performance

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li_1−xNiO₂ for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li_1−xNiO₂ for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

High‐Performance 3D Pinecone‐Like LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

A Ternary Hybrid‐Cation Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Battery and Interfacial Selection Mechanism Study

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K-doped layered LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode material: Towards the superior rate capability and cycling performance

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li1−xNiO2 for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li1−xNiO2 for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

High‐Performance 3D Pinecone‐Like LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

A Ternary Hybrid‐Cation Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Battery and Interfacial Selection Mechanism Study

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Product

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Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li_1−xNiO₂ for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li_1−xNiO₂ for next-generation lithium-ion batteries

High‐Performance 3D Pinecone‐Like LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries