K-Band Power Amplifier for SATCOM

Abstract

This study entailed the development of a K-Band power amplifier (PA). The proposed PA was implemented and verified using a 65-nm bulk CMOS process. The PA was designed with two stages to obtain sufficient gain in the K band. The PA had a chip area of 0.93×0.47 mm² including RF and DC pads. The manufactured power amplifier design had a maximum saturation power of 22.4∼22.7 dBm in the 19-21 GHz frequency band, and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 39 %∼40 %. In the two-tone simulation results, the linear power and efficiency levels satisfying third-order inter-modulation distortion (IMD 3 ) below −30 dBc were confirmed to be 16∼17 dBm and 24%∼26 % in the 19∼21 GHz frequency band, respectively.

Developmental trajectories of Korean and heritage language proficiencies and their association with maladjustment among Korean multicultural adolescents

“…Using a 4‐point scale (1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree ), adolescents answered 10 questions regarding their depressive symptoms (e.g., “I have no energy” and “I sometimes feel sad and depressed”). The MAPS researchers designed life satisfaction measurements with reference to the studies by Kim et al (2010). Using a 4‐point scale (1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree ), adolescents answered three questions assessing their life satisfaction, including “I am happy about life,” “I do not have many worries,” and “I think my life is great.” Responses for all questions were averaged, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression or life satisfaction.…”

“…Regarding educational interest, five items relating to attitudes toward education were used with the questions constructed by Kim et al (2010), which is a modified version of the school life adjustment scale developed by Min (1991). These statements include, “I have fun during class,” “I do not miss homework,” and “I know what I have learned in every class.” The responses ranged from 1 ( strongly disagree ) to 4 ( strongly agree ).…”