“…A number of studies have focused on teachers’ readiness and preparedness to teach online amid the pandemic. The focus of these studies include quantitative studies in higher education (e.g., Scherer et al, 2020 ), quantitative studies in secondary education (e.g., Howard, et al, 2021 ), qualitative studies in select secondary education disciplines (e.g., Sengıl Akar, & Kurtoglu Erden, 2021 ), and several studies that were country/state- specific (e.g., Eadens et al, 2022 , Fatimawati & Badiozaman, 2021 ; Li, 2022 ). Readiness was also studied through the lens of TPACK (e.g., Li, 2022 ; Scherer, et al, 2020 ).…”