JWST reveals a possible $z \sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD

Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang; Coe, Dan; Abdurrouf,; Whitler, Lily; Jung, Intae; Khullar, Gourav; Meena, Ashish Kumar; Dayal, Pratika; Barrow, Kirk S. S.; Santos-Olmsted, Lillian; Casselman, Adam; Vanzella, E.; Nonino, M.; Jiménez-Teja, Y.; Oguri, Masamune; Stark, Daniel P.; Furtak, Lukas J.; Zitrin, Adi; Adamo, Angela; Brammer, Gabriel; Bradley, Larry; Diego, J. M.; Zackrisson, Erik; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Bhatawdekar, Rachana; Hutchison, Taylor A.; Broadhurst, Tom; Dimauro, Paola; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Eldridge, J. J.; Acebrón, Ana; Avila, Roberto J.; Bayliss, M.; Benitez, Alex; Binggeli, Christian; Bolan, Patricia; Bradač, Maruša; Carnall, A. C.; Conselice, Christopher J.; Donahue, M.; Frye, Brenda; Fujimoto, Seiji; Henry, Alaina; James, Bethan L.; Kassin, Susan; Kewley, Lisa J.; Larson, Rebecca L.; Lauer, Tod R.; Law, David R.; Mahler, Guillaume; Mainali, Ramesh; McCandliss, Stephan R.; Nicholls, David G.; Pirzkal, Norbert; Postman, Marc; Rigby, J. Keith; Ryan, Russell E.; Senchyna, Peter; Sharon, Keren; Shimizu, Ikko; Strait, Victoria; Tang, Mengtao; Trenti, Michele; Vikaeus, Anton; Welch, Brian T.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2210.14123

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…To study MACS0647-JD in more detail, the JWST general observer (GO) program 1433 (PI: Dan Coe) targeted the cluster and obtained JWST/NIRCam imaging in six different filters. The JWST imaging supported the highredshift nature at z phot = 10.6 with very high confidence, and revealed that MACS0647-JD is actually made of two components separated by a distance of ∼400 pc, and a possible third clump about 3 kpc away (Hsiao & Coe 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The substantial magnification provided by galaxy cluster lenses has also continuously led to the detection of background high-redshift galaxy candidates in observations with the HST (e.g., Coe et al 2013;Chan et al 2017;Salmon et al 2018;Bhatawdekar et al 2019) and JWST (e.g., Adams et al 2022;Atek et al 2022;Castellano et al 2022;Furtak et al 2022;Hsiao & Coe 2022;Vanzella et al 2022;Williams et al 2022;Yan et al 2022). One of these candidates is MACS0647-JD (Coe et al 2013), a record-breaking, triply imaged galaxy at z ; 10.7, which was first detected in HST imaging of the MACS J0647.7+7015 (hereafter MACS0647; z = 0.591, Ebeling et al 2007) galaxy cluster under the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) 36 program (Postman et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Meena

Zitrin

Jiménez-Teja

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We report the discovery of two extremely magnified lensed star candidates behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+015 using recent multiband James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. The star candidates are seen in a previously known, z phot ≃ 4.8 dropout giant arc that straddles the critical curve. The candidates lie near the expected critical curve position, but lack clear counter-images on the other side of it, suggesting these are possibly stars undergoing caustic crossings. We present revised lensing models for the cluster, including multiply imaged galaxies newly identified in the JWST data, and use them to estimate background macro-magnifications of at least ≳90 and ≳50 at the positions of the two candidates, respectively. With these values, we expect effective, caustic-crossing magnifications of ∼[103–105] for the two star candidates. The spectral energy distributions of the two candidates match well the spectra of B-type stars with best-fit surface temperatures of ∼10,000 K, and ∼12,000 K, respectively, and we show that such stars with masses ≳20 M ⊙ and ≳50 M ⊙, respectively, can become sufficiently magnified to be observable. We briefly discuss other alternative explanations and conclude that these objects are likely lensed stars, but also acknowledge that the less-magnified candidate may alternatively reside in a star cluster. These star candidates constitute the second highest-redshift examples to date after Earendel at z phot ≃ 6.2, establishing further the potential of studying extremely magnified stars at high redshifts with JWST. Planned future observations, including with NIRSpec, will enable a more detailed view of these candidates in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Meena

Zitrin

Jiménez-Teja

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…One of the main science goals of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is to detect the very first galaxies that formed after the Big Bang. Making use of the public release of the first JWST observations, a number of papers have reported new z > 10 galaxy candidates based on spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of JWST near-infrared photometry (Adams et al 2022;Atek et al 2022;Bouwens et al 2022;Bradley et al 2022;Castellano et al 2022;Donnan et al 2023;Harikane et al 2022a;Hsiao et al 2022;Finkelstein et al 2022a;Labbe et al 2022;Naidu et al 2022a,b;Yan et al 2023;Finkelstein et al 2022b;Rodighiero et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An upper limit on [O III] 88 μm and 1.2 mm continuum emission from a JWSTz ≈ 12–13 galaxy candidate with ALMA

Popping

2023

A&A

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A number of new z > 11 galaxy candidates have recently been identified based on public James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is necessary to robustly measure their redshift and put them in the context of our understanding of the buildup of galaxies in the early Universe. GLASS-z13 is one of these candidates, with a reported photometric redshift z > 11.9. I present publicly available Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 Director’s Discretionary Time observations (project 2021.A.00020.S; PI T. Bakx), taken to acquire a spectroscopic redshift for GLASS-z13 by searching for [O III] 88 μm line emission in the redshift range z = 11.9 − 13.5. No [O III] 88 μm emission is detected in integrated spectra extracted within an aperture around GLASS-z13, nor when using an automated line finding algorithm (applying different uv-weighting strategies for the imaging). In addition, 1.2 mm continuum emission associated with GLASS-z13 is not detected either. If GLASS-z13 is at z ≈ 12 − 13, this implies a 3-σ upper limit on the [O III] 88 μm and rest-frame ∼90 μm continuum emission of ∼1 × 108 L⊙ and 10.8 μJy, respectively. The non-detection of [O III] 88 μm and continuum emission does not necessarily imply that GLASS-z13 is not at z ≈ 12 − 13. It can also be explained by a low metallicity (∼0.2 Z⊙ or lower) and/or high-density (at least 100 cm−3) interstellar medium. This work demonstrates the synergy between ALMA and JWST to study the properties of the first galaxies; although, JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy will be necessary to confirm or reject the high photometric redshift of GLASS-z13.

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“…The application of SL science is not limited to its power to constrain the precise mass of a lens. We can probe the distant universe, utilizing the lensing magnification, which makes faint background sources brighter by a factor of tens to thousands (e.g., Bouwens et al 2022;Welch et al 2022;Yu-Yang Hsiao et al 2022; Corresponding author: M. James Jee sang6199@yonsei.ac.kr, mkjee@yonsei.ac.kr Williams et al 2022). A study of time delays from multiply-imaged supernovae or quasars provides an independent measure of the Hubble constant H 0 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS \\ Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data

Cha¹,

Jee²

2023

Preprint

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We present new strong-lensing (SL) mass reconstruction of the six Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) clusters with the MAximum-entropy ReconStruction (MARS) algorithm. MARS is a new free-form inversion method, which suppresses spurious small-scale fluctuations while achieving excellent convergence in positions of multiple images. For each HFF cluster, we obtain a model-independent mass distribution from the compilation of the self-consistent SL data in the literature. With 100 − 200 multiple images per cluster, we reconstruct solutions with small scatters of multiple images in both source (∼0. 01) and image planes (∼0. 05), which are lower than the previous results by an order of magnitude. An outstanding case is the MACS J0416.1-2403 mass reconstruction, which is based on the largest highquality SL dataset where all 236 multiple images/knots have spectroscopic redshifts. Although our solution is smooth on a large scale, it reveals group/galaxy-scale peaks where the substructures are required by the data. We find that in general, these mass peaks are in excellent spatial agreement with the member galaxies, although MARS never uses the galaxy distributions as priors. Our study corroborates the flexibility and accuracy of the MARS algorithm and demonstrates that MARS is a powerful tool in the JWST era, when 2 − 3 times larger number of multiple image candidates become available for SL mass reconstruction, and self-consistency within the dataset becomes a critical issue.

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JWST reveals a possible $z \sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

An upper limit on [O III] 88 μm and 1.2 mm continuum emission from a JWSTz ≈ 12–13 galaxy candidate with ALMA

Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS \\ Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data

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JWST reveals a possible $z \sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

An upper limit on [O III] 88 μm and 1.2 mm continuum emission from a JWSTz ≈ 12–13 galaxy candidate with ALMA

Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS \\ Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data

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An upper limit on [O III] 88 μm and 1.2 mm continuum emission from a JWSTz ≈ 12–13 galaxy candidate with ALMA