Juxtaposition of Extant TV White Space Technologies for Long-Range Opportunistic Wireless Communications

Trinidad, Emmanuel

doi:10.30534/ijeter/2019/17782019

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…One of the prime drawbacks in TVWS usage is the way it may affect users who are already using the TVWS frequency spectrum. Interference to the licensed primary user (PU) from any other user is not desirable, and the mitigation of this should be given a high priority [16].…”

Section: Tvws Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microstrip antenna designs for TV white space applications

Vithanawasam¹,

Then²,

Su³

2020

IJEECS

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<p><span>A review on prominent microstrip antennas fabricated for TV White Space applications is presented. This paper will delve into some of the most notable microstrip antenna designs in this frequency band that have come up in recent years. They will be analyzed to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and feedback is provided on their perceived usefulness. These antennas are designed with specific intentions, such as being placed in areas prone to harsh weather, or for long distance communications. One of the most recent antenna types to enter mainstream discussion is the microstrip patch antenna, which can easily be altered to fit various applications. Methods of connectivity such as TV White Space are enthusiastically used in various applications pertaining to connectivity and various microstrip antennas have been designed for this purpose. A conclusion was reached on the compact shorted printed monopole antenna being the most plausible choice from the antennas that have been considered and discussed.</span></p>

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Section: Tvws Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microstrip antenna designs for TV white space applications

Vithanawasam¹,

Then²,

Su³

2020

IJEECS

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“…Only 15% of the TV spectrum are utilised at present. Thus, it could be a great way to provide connectivity to almost 3 billion people across the globe (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement Learning-Based Television White Space Database

Pakzad

Manuel

et al. 2021

Baghdad Sci.J

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Television white spaces (TVWSs) refer to the unused part of the spectrum under the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. TVWS are frequencies under licenced primary users (PUs) that are not being used and are available for secondary users (SUs). There are several ways of implementing TVWS in communications, one of which is the use of TVWS database (TVWSDB). The primary purpose of TVWSDB is to protect PUs from interference with SUs. There are several geolocation databases available for this purpose. However, it is unclear if those databases have the prediction feature that gives TVWSDB the capability of decreasing the number of inquiries from SUs. With this in mind, the authors present a reinforcement learning-based TVWSDB. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning technique that focuses on what has been done based on mapping situations to actions to obtain the highest reward. The learning process was conducted by trying out the actions to gain the reward instead of being told what to do. The actions may directly affect the rewards and future rewards. Based on the results, this algorithm effectively searched the most optimal channel for the SUs in query with the minimum search duration. This paper presents the advantage of using a machine learning approach in TVWSDB with an accurate and faster-searching capability for the available TVWS channels intended for SUs.

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“…With this, an alternative method of communication is proposed by this study. The channels used for underwater wireless communication may differ as compared to those used in radio and tv broadcast [6]. Unused frequencies in this spectrum may not be useful due to underwater wave behavior like diffraction, Doppler Shifts and spreads to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Visible Light Communication-based Underwater Communication System for Recreational Scuba Diving

Navea¹

2020

IJETER

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Visible light communication (VLC) is a type of data communications which uses the visible light spectrum in the 350-800nm wavelength range. Light signals are converted into electrical pulses to indicate a specific information which in this case, diving instructions. In this study, VLC is used in an underwater communication system for recreational diving activities in order to reinforce the conventional hand signaling protocols. Wearable LED-based transmitter and phototransistor-based receiver were used. The hand-held transmitter was used to emit different light pulses corresponding to 16 commands in which 13 are standard scuba diving hand signals. The goggle receiver process and translates these pulses into an audio signal which can be heard by the diver through waterproof earphones. The VLC system developed was able to achieve an average signal reception accuracy of at least 97.0% on a series of tests conducted underwater with a maximum transmitter-to-receiver distance of 5m using white LEDs.

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Juxtaposition of Extant TV White Space Technologies for Long-Range Opportunistic Wireless Communications

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

A review of microstrip antenna designs for TV white space applications

A review of microstrip antenna designs for TV white space applications

Reinforcement Learning-Based Television White Space Database

Design and Development of Visible Light Communication-based Underwater Communication System for Recreational Scuba Diving

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