JUXTA: A new probe of X-ray emission from the Jupiter system

Ezoe, Yuichiro; Kimura, Tomoki; Kasahara, Satoshi; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Fujimoto, M.; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Branduardi‐Raymont, G.; Ishikawa, Kumi; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Ogawa, Tomohiro; Kakiuchi, Takuya; Ohashi, T.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.029

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…After the annealing, the side wall of the new sample shows the best roughness at 1∼100 µm scale. In the future planetary exploration missions [5], the roughness should be <1 nm at <10 µm scale and less than 25 [nm]× (scale [µm]/10 [µm]) [nm] at >10 µm scale. The former is reasoned from the X-ray reflectivity, while the latter is from the angular resolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement in sidewall roughness of MEMS X-ray optics

Ikuta

Ezoe

Mitsuishi

et al. 2013

2013 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)

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Low-cost and high-resolution X-ray optics based on MEMS technologies is proposed and being developed by our group. We have succeeded in soft X-ray imaging using sample optics. However, roughness of the side walls etched through a thin silicon wafer, which are used as X-ray mirrors, limited the image resolution. In this paper, a new process condition is tested in the dry etching process to achieve better resolution. By simply changing the etching mask from aluminum to thick photoresist plus aluminum, the side wall roughness is improved by a factor of ∼3 to about 38 nm at 200 um scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To meet stringent requirements on the image resolution for the ground-based and especially space applications [5], the side walls used for X-ray mirrors should be flat and smooth with rms roughness on the order of tens of nm or less at >10 µm scale. Figure 1 shows a sample of a single stage MEMS X-ray optic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in sidewall roughness of MEMS X-ray optics

Ikuta

Ezoe

Mitsuishi

et al. 2013

2013 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)

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“…In brief, we need more detailed information such as spatial and spectral distributions with a moderate resolution about the diffuse X-ray emission (as well as JSR). Ezoe et al (2013) proposed a future astronomical mission named Jupiter X-ray telescope array (JUXTA), which aims at the first in-situ measurement of Jupiter and its neighborhood with X-ray instruments.…”

Section: Discussion: Comparison With the Past Suzaku Observation In 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suzaku observation of Jupiter’s X-rays around solar maximum

Numazawa

Ezoe

Ishikawa

et al. 2019

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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We report on results of imaging and spectral studies of X-ray emission from Jupiter observed by Suzaku. In 2006 Suzaku had found diffuse X-ray emission in 1-5 keV associated with Jovian inner radiation belts. It has been suggested that the emission is caused by the inverse-Compton scattering by ultra-relativistic electrons (∼ 50 MeV) in Jupiter's magnetosphere. To confirm the existence of this emission and to understand its relation to the solar activity, we 1 conducted an additional Suzaku observation in 2014 around the maximum of the 24th solar cycle. As a result, we successfully found again the diffuse emission around Jupiter in 1-5 keV and also point-like emission in 0.4-1 keV. The luminosity of the point-like emission which was probably composed of solar X-ray scattering, charge exchange, or auroral bremsstrahlung emission increased by a factor of ∼ 5 with respect to 2006, most likely due to an increase of the solar activity. The diffuse emission spectrum in the 1-5 keV band was well-fitted with a flat power-law function (Γ = 1.4 ± 0.1) as in the past observation, which supported the inverse-Compton scattering hypothesis. However, its spatial distribution changed from ∼ 12 × 4 Jovian radius (Rj) to ∼ 20 × 7 Rj. The luminosity of the diffuse emission increased by a smaller factor of ∼ 3. This indicates that the diffuse emission is not simply responding to the solar activity, which is also known to cause little effect on the distribution of high-energy electrons around Jupiter. Further sensitive study of the spatial and spectral distributions of the diffuse hard Xray emission is important to understand how high-energy particles are accelerated in Jupiter's magnetosphere.

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“…The baseline design is scalable to a smaller or larger optics depending on available resources or mission objectives. For example, a bigger telescope similar to Bepicolombo/MIXS-T (f ∼ 100 cm) or a smaller telescope similar to JUXTA (f ∼ 25 cm Ezoe et al 2013) can be implemented. MiXO-70W is optimized for wide field monitoring with the combined FoV of 7 deg 2 and broad band coverage with relatively higher grasp at high energies due to small grazing angles of each module.…”

Section: Example Mixo Configurations and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature lightweight X-ray optics (MiXO) for surface elemental composition mapping of asteroids and comets

Hong

Romaine²,

team

2016

Earth Planet Sp

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The compositions of diverse planetary bodies are of fundamental interest to planetary science, providing clues to the formation and evolutionary history of the target bodies and the solar system as a whole. Utilizing the X-ray fluorescence unique to each atomic element, X-ray imaging spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of diverse planetary bodies. Until now the mass and volume of focusing X-ray optics have been too large for resource-limited in situ missions, so near-target X-ray observations of planetary bodies have been limited to simple collimator-type X-ray instruments. We introduce a new Miniature lightweight Wolter-I focusing X-ray Optics (MiXO) using metal-ceramic hybrid X-ray mirrors based on electroformed nickel replication and plasma thermal spray processes. MiXO can enable compact, powerful imaging X-ray telescopes suitable for future planetary missions. We illustrate the need for focusing X-ray optics in observing relatively small planetary bodies such as asteroids and comet nuclei. We present a few example configurations of MiXO telescopes and demonstrate their superior performance in comparison to an alternative approach, micro-pore optics, which is being employed for the first planetary focusing X-ray telescope, the Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer-T onboard Bepicolumbo. X-ray imaging spectroscopy using MiXO will open a large new discovery space in planetary science and will greatly enhance our understanding of the nature and origin of diverse planetary bodies.

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JUXTA: A new probe of X-ray emission from the Jupiter system

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Improvement in sidewall roughness of MEMS X-ray optics

Improvement in sidewall roughness of MEMS X-ray optics

Suzaku observation of Jupiter’s X-rays around solar maximum

Miniature lightweight X-ray optics (MiXO) for surface elemental composition mapping of asteroids and comets

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