Juvenile rockfish show resilience to CO2-acidification and hypoxia across multiple biological scales

Davis, Brian A.; Komoroske, Lisa M.; Hansen, Matthew J.; Poletto, Jamilynn B.; Perry, E.; Miller, Nathan A.; Ehlman, Sean M.; Wheeler, Sarah G.; Sih, Andrew; Todgham, Anne E.; Fangue, Nann A.

doi:10.1093/conphys/coy038

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…However, life‐history characteristics such as longevity and late reproductive maturity potentially constrain rates at which rockfishes can adaptively evolve in response to rapid changes in ocean chemistry, such as increasing deoxygenation predicted to occur within the next century. Both copper and blue rockfish were able to maintain performance at moderately reduced oxygen levels (between 4 and 6 mg/L), similar to findings of Davis et al (2018) in response to DO and CO 2 stressors, but exhibited significant impairment in behavioral and physiological responses at hypoxic DO levels (between 2 and 4 mg/L). Information on the species‐specific thresholds at which hypoxia negatively affects behavior and physiology, such as we present here, can inform resource managers of potential impacts of climate change on fish populations, and for economically important stocks like rockfishes, potential consequences for fisheries yields.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes

Mattiasen

Kashef

Stafford

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Forecasts from climate models and oceanographic observations indicate increasing deoxygenation in the global oceans and an elevated frequency and intensity of hypoxic events in the coastal zone, which have the potential to affect marine biodiversity and fisheries. Exposure to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions may have deleterious effects on early life stages in fishes. This study aims to identify thresholds to hypoxia while testing behavioral and physiological responses of two congeneric species of kelp forest fish to four DO levels, ranging from normoxic to hypoxic (8.7, 6.0, 4.1, and 2.2 mg O 2 /L). Behavioral tests identified changes in exploratory behavior and turning bias (lateralization), whereas physiological tests focused on determining changes in hypoxia tolerance (pCrit), ventilation rates, and metabolic rates, with impacts on the resulting capacity for aerobic activity. Our findings indicated that copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) express sensitivity to hypoxia; however, the strength of the response differed between species. Copper rockfish exhibited reduced absolute lateralization and increased escape time at the lowest DO levels, whereas behavioral metrics for blue rockfish did not vary with oxygen level. Both species exhibited decreases in aerobic scope (as a function of reduced maximum metabolic rate) and increases in ventilation rates to compensate for decreasing oxygen levels. Blue rockfish had a lower pCrit and stronger acclimation response compared to copper rockfish. The differences expressed by each species suggest that acclimatization to changing ocean conditions may vary, even among related species that recruit to the same kelp forest habitat, leading to winners and losers under future ocean conditions. Exposure to hypoxia can decrease individual physiological fitness through metabolic and aerobic depression and changes to anti-predator behavior, with implications for the outcome of ecological interactions and the management of fish stocks in the face of climate change. K E Y W O R D S aerobic scope, climate change, lateralization, low dissolved oxygen, respirometry, Sebastes MATTIASEN ET Al. | 3499

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes

Mattiasen

Kashef

Stafford

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…The activation of anaerobic metabolism under ocean acidification also suggests that fish tissues might become hypoxic [33]. A decrease in aerobic capacity counterbalanced with an increase in the glycolytic potential and heavier dependence of ATP generation via glycolysis after exposure to ocean acidification has been previously reported for S. aurata juveniles and for other fish species [18,27,[30][31][32][33][62][63][64][65][66]. However, fish responsiveness depends not only on the time taken to acclimate to such environmental variables and life stage, but it might also be species-specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Seabream Larval Physiology under Ocean Warming and Acidification

Pimentel

Faleiro

Machado

et al. 2019

Fishes

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The vulnerability of early fish stages represents a critical bottleneck for fish recruitment; therefore, it is essential to understand how climate change affects their physiology for more sustainable management of fisheries. Here, we investigated the effects of warming (OW; +4 °C) and acidification (OA; ΔpH = 0.5) on the heart and oxygen consumption rates, metabolic enzymatic machinery—namely citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ß-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae (fifteen days after hatch). Oxygen consumption and heart rates showed a significant increase with rising temperature, but decreased with pCO2. Results revealed a significant increase of LDH activity with OW and a significant decrease of the aerobic potential (CS and HOAD activity) of larvae with OA. In contrast, under OA, the activity levels of the enzyme LDH and the LDH:CS ratio indicated an enhancement of anaerobic pathways. Although such a short-term metabolic strategy may eventually sustain the basic costs of maintenance, it might not be adequate under the future chronic ocean conditions. Given that the potential for adaptation to new forthcoming conditions is yet experimentally unaccounted for this species, future research is essential to accurately predict the physiological performance of this commercially important species under future ocean conditions.

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“…Conspecific alarm cues were prepared as in Davis et al (2018), with slight modifications. Delta smelt cues were prepared by dorsoventrally scoring the skin of sacrificed, non-experimental fish 5 times (not piercing any organs), and rinsing those scores with 10 ml of water three times collecting the cue in a beaker (30 ml).…”

Section: Behavioural Responses To Predation Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of temperature and temperature variability on swimming activity, group structure, and predation of endangered delta smelt

et al. 2019

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1. The effects of water temperature on individual and group movement behaviour in prey fish can affect ecological interactions such as competition and predation, but how variability in temperature influence fish behaviour is less understood.Of particular concern is how increased warming in tidally fluctuating estuaries may impact the native and endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus, Osmeridae).2. To help address this issue, we tested the effects of increased water temperature (fluctuating [17-21°C] and warm [21°C] acclimated treatments) on juvenile delta smelt individual and group behaviour, response to chemical alarm and predator cues, as well as capacity to evade predation. In addition, predation of delta smelt was tested in the presence of a dominant invasive competitor, Mississippi silversides (Menidia beryllina, Atherinopsidae), as well as comparative predation mortality on Mississippi silversides when isolated.3. After 7 days of increased temperature treatments, delta smelt in the warm treatment increased swimming velocity, decreased turning angle, and altered group structure with larger inter-individual distances compared to fish in the control (17°C) and fluctuating temperature treatments. Following conspecific and predator chemical alarm cues, delta smelt showed anti-predator responses. Control and fluctuating treatment fish responded to conspecific cues with increased swimming speeds, decreased inter-individual distances and near-neighbour distances, and, after 15 min, fish recovered back to baseline behaviours. In contrast, fish in the warm treatment had not recovered after 15 min, and swimming speeds were maintained at roughly 25 cm/s, close to maximum capabilities. Fish in control and fluctuating treatments showed minimal responses to predator cues, whereas delta smelt exposed to warm conditions significantly increased swimming speeds and decreased turning angle. Predation of delta smelt by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Centrarchidae)was greatest under the warm treatment, correlating with altered behaviours of | 2157 DAVIS et Al.

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Juvenile rockfish show resilience to CO2-acidification and hypoxia across multiple biological scales

Cited by 15 publications

References 88 publications

Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes

Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes

Seabream Larval Physiology under Ocean Warming and Acidification

Consequences of temperature and temperature variability on swimming activity, group structure, and predation of endangered delta smelt

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