Juvenile Parkinson Disease

Anwar, Arsalan; Saleem, Sidra; Akhtar, Aisha; Ashraf, Sara; Ahmed, Mirza Fawad

doi:10.7759/cureus.5409

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The incidence of PD increases with age, with an incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 for people below 40 years old compared to the overall incidence of 13.4 per 100,000 for all ages [36] . Early-onset PD is the development of symptoms in those below 60 years old.…”

Section: Early-onsetmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review on Parkinson’s disease treatment

Lee¹,

Yankee²

2022

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness and has a common onset between the ages of 55 and 65 years. There is progressive development of both motor and non-motor symptoms, greatly affecting one’s overall quality of life. While there is no cure, various treatments have been developed to help manage the symptoms of PD. Management of PD is a growing field and targets new treatment methods, as well as improvements to old ones. Pharmacological, surgical, and therapeutic treatments have allowed physicians to treat not only the main motor symptoms of PD, but target patient-specific problems as they arise. This review discusses both the established and new possibilities for PD treatment that can provide patient-specific care and mitigate side effects for common treatments.

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Section: Early-onsetmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review on Parkinson’s disease treatment

Lee¹,

Yankee²

2022

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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“…Parkinson's have been identified, some of which are associated with mutations in the DNAJC6 gene, which encodes for 970 proteins. 4 Another rare autosomal recessive variant of juvenile Parkinson's is Kufor-Rekab syndrome (KRS), which is linked to a mutation in the ATP13A2 gene 5 , and other cases of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's have been documented to involve a parkin gene mutation (ARJP/PARK2), which is associated with a marked response to levodopa and is associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. 6 The diagnosis of PD is made clinically with the aid of history, examination, and responsiveness to levodopa.…”

Section: Multiple Autosomal Recessive Variants Of Juvenilementioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Approach To Juvenile Parkinsonism During Pregnancy

Hussain¹,

Ahmed²

2022

JBMS

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Juvenile parkinsonism is a rare disease affecting patients younger than the age of 21 years. When superimposed with pregnancy, most physicians fear its health complications and the role of the treatment and its safety for the fetus. This case presents a 37-year-old woman diagnosed with juvenile parkinsonism who was blessed with her second child, eight years after her first. Despite all the odds, concerns, and warnings from family and physicians, the patient was determined to conceive, avoiding all means of contraception. During pregnancy, the patient experienced multiple hypoglycemic attacks and was diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, which was controlled accordingly. The patient also suffered from motor impairments that worsened with the progression of pregnancy. However, the patient regained previous motor function upon delivery. The expectation that pregnancy may permanently worsen the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is not explicit; some pregnancies are uncomplicated by Parkinsonism yet complicated by pregnancy-induced medical conditions. As demonstrated in this case, family support and care, alongside continuous maternofetal monitoring, aids in the success of pregnancy in patients with juvenile Parkinson’s disease regardless of their risks.

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“…Although PD is recognized as an idiopathic disease, with respect to age of onset the categorization has been subdivided into early (YOPD; young-onset PD) whose age is 50 years and younger, and late (LOPD; Late/regular onset PD) whose age is 50 years or older (Fénelon et al, 2000;De Lau et al, 2005). It's interesting to note, although often PD is regarded as a rare neurodegenerative disorder that mainly pertains to to a geriatric population, reported cases of YOPD is becoming much more frequent and even going into juvenile age groups, with the youngest person to have been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease being twelve years of age (Anwar et al, 2019). YOPD patients are considered to have typical PD due to resemblance to LOPD patients in both clinical and pathological features.…”

Section: Age and Categorisation Of Onset In Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on The Impact of Early Speech and Vocal Changes on Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease.

Liangos¹

2021

Preprint

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Patients with Young Onset Parkinson's Disease may have a long medical journey to receive their diagnosis due to their atypical age. Parkinson's Disease is typically diagnosed in a geriatric population and thus assumed to be a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, when younger people approach clinicians with parkinsonian symptoms, they are typically overlooked as they do not meet the age criteria, and thus the diagnosis may be missed or delayed. In late-onset Parkinson's Disease, a classic primary symptom pertains to voice and speech disorders due to the high prevalence of hypokinetic dysarthria. Thus, a review of speech and voice deficits that are seen prior to or within the time frame of diagnosis can highlight the speech and vocal patterns clinicians may see within a younger population. This could provide an effective tool for clinicians to make a quicker diagnosis for patients and administer medication such as Levodopa without having the patient go through rigorous, time-consuming testing. Furthermore, within neuroscience, little attention is paid to the impact of early speech and vocal changes. Therefore, this study would also like to explore the impact of these changes, highlighting the urge for clinicians not to stigmatise younger patients by age to receive a rapid diagnosis and treatment. This study follows the proceedings of a survey methodology via a formulated questionnaireinserted in a Google Form containing 12 statements, which contained closed-ended questions (Yes/No indicators) and open-ended questions where the participants indicated their answer by filling in a short statement regarding their experience. The statements contained questions about the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease, the speech and vocal changes experienced, the socio-social effects of the speech and vocal changes on their personal lives and if they found that medication helped their vocal and speech symptoms. The questionnaire yielded a total of 43 participants with young-onset Parkinson's Disease. The results indicated that most of the participants suffered from speech and vocal changes, which resembled the clinical profile of severe hypokinetic dysarthria, typically seen in later stages of Parkinson's Disease in late-onset. In addition, the changes in speech and voice were so impactful that they caused significant distress in the psychosocial domain of their lives. Despite the severity of the speech and vocal changes, most participants struggled to receive a diagnosis, while hardly any received appropriate speech therapy treatment to aid their overall quality of life. Thus, this study concludes that the results of this study are essential to break stigmas and open the conversation in neuroscience and neurology on YOPD. Improvement clinical knowledge of this unique subtype of Parkinson's needs to be stressed amongst clinical practitioners that age of onset does not play a role in managing, treating, and diagnosing Parkinson's Disease.

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Juvenile Parkinson Disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

A review on Parkinson’s disease treatment

A review on Parkinson’s disease treatment

A Clinical Approach To Juvenile Parkinsonism During Pregnancy

A Survey on The Impact of Early Speech and Vocal Changes on Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease.

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