Juvenile immune system activation induces a costly upregulation of adult immunity in field crickets<i>Gryllus campestris</i>

Jacot, Alain; Scheuber, Hannes; Kurtz, Joachim; Brinkhof, Martin W. G.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2919

Cited by 95 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Tenebrio beetles fed apple for 1 week had enhanced PO activity relative to starved beetles (Rantala et al, 2003a). Food limitation during immature stages of the cricket Gryllus campestris reduced lysozyme activity in the adult stage, but did not have an effect on PO activity (Jacot et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Srygley

Lorch

Simpson

et al. 2009

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Mormon crickets form large migratory bands that march over rangeland in the western United States seeking salt and protein. Immune defence is particularly relevant to survival in migratory bands, but little is known about the role of nutrition in insect immunocompetence. We hypothesised that immune defences are compromised in these migratory bands due to nutrient limitations.2. In a migratory band in Utah, we investigated whether access to a protein relative to a carbohydrate diet would immediately reduce migratory activity, as had been shown for Mormon crickets in a previous study in Idaho, and whether the protein diet would enhance immune defence responses.3. Radio-tracking Mormon crickets in the field, we found that locomotor activity was significantly and positively associated with body mass. Body mass-adjusted locomotor activity declined marginally following access to a protein diet, whereas spontaneous phenoloxidase (PO) activity was enhanced by the same diet. The encapsulation response and lysozyme-like activity were directly proportional to body mass, but unaffected by the dietary treatments in the short term. Within 6 h of feeding on protein or carbohydrates, Mormon crickets exhibited measurable effects on the immune system. 4. We conclude that nutrition impacts immune function in migrating insects in the field. Spontaneous PO activity may be limited by dietary deficiency in a proteinseeking band of Mormon crickets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Srygley

Lorch

Simpson

et al. 2009

Ecological Entomology

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“…For each individual, the haemolymph concentrations of the proenzyme proPO were measured following the protocol by Jacot et al (2005). ProPO is the inactive form in which the majority of PO is stored.…”

Section: Propo Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

et al. 2011

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Insects with complex life-cycles should optimize age and size at maturity during larval development. When inhabiting seasonal environments, organisms have limited reproductive periods and face fundamental decisions: individuals that reach maturity late in season have to either reproduce at a small size or increase their growth rates. Increasing growth rates is costly in insects because of higher juvenile mortality, decreased adult survival or increased susceptibility to parasitism by bacteria and viruses via compromised immune function. Environmental changes such as seasonality can also alter the quantitative genetic architecture. Here, we explore the quantitative genetics of life history and immunity traits under two experimentally induced seasonal environments in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Seasonality affected the life history but not the immune phenotypes. Individuals under decreasing day length developed slower and grew to a bigger size. We found ample additive genetic variance and heritability for components of immunity (haemocyte densities, proPhenoloxidase activity, resistance against Serratia marcescens), and for the life history traits, age and size at maturity. Despite genetic covariance among traits, the structure of G was inconsistent with genetically based trade-off between life history and immune traits (for example, a strong positive genetic correlation between growth rate and haemocyte density was estimated). However, conditional evolvabilities support the idea that genetic covariance structure limits the capacity of individual traits to evolve independently. We found no evidence for GÂE interactions arising from the experimentally induced seasonality.

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“…It has been documented in a range of invertebrate species, including Decapoda [5], Branchiopoda [6], Lepidoptera [7], Coleoptera [8], Diptera [9], and Hymenoptera [10]. Interestingly, in some cases, immune priming has been shown to persist not only throughout the lifespan of the animal [11,12], but also across generations [13][14][15]. Transgenerational immunity has been thus far reported in a dozen invertebrate species [13,14,16 -24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates

et al. 2016

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Over a decade ago, the discovery of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates shifted existing paradigms on the lack of sophistication of their immune system. Nonetheless, the prevalence of this trait and the ecological factors driving its evolution in invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a theoretical host -parasite model and predict that long lifespan and low dispersal should promote the evolution of transgenerational immunity. We also predict that in species that produce both philopatric and dispersing individuals, it may pay to have a plastic allocation strategy with a higher transgenerational immunity investment in philopatric offspring because they are more likely to encounter locally adapted pathogens. We review all experimental studies published to date, comprising 21 invertebrate species in nine different orders, and we show that, as expected, longevity and dispersal correlate with the transfer of immunity to offspring. The validity of our prediction regarding the plasticity of investment in transgenerational immunity remains to be tested in invertebrates, but also in vertebrate species. We discuss the implications of our work for the study of the evolution of immunity, and we suggest further avenues of research to expand our knowledge of the impact of transgenerational immune protection in host -parasite interactions.

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Juvenile immune system activation induces a costly upregulation of adult immunity in field cricketsGryllus campestris

Cited by 95 publications

References 43 publications

Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

Evolution of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates

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