Juvenile Barn Swallows<i>Hirundo rustica</i>L. from late broods start autumn migration younger, fuel less effectively and show lower return rates than juveniles from early broods

Raja-aho, Sari; Eeva, Tapio; Suorsa, Petri; Valkama, Jari; Lehikoinen, Esa

doi:10.1111/ibi.12492

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Rodríguez, Van Noordwijk, Álvarez, & Barba, 2016). In our population, the response was more binary, possibly a consequence of the prolonged (and somewhat variable) development period of swift chicks; in years with later hatching young birds have less time young birds have to prepare for their first migration (Raja‐Aho, Eeva, Suorsa, Valkama, & Lehikoinen, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Survival varies seasonally in a migratory bird: Linkages between breeding and non‐breeding periods

Robinson

Meier

Witvliet

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Migratory species form an important component of biodiversity; they link ecosystems across the globe, but are increasingly threatened by global environmental change. Understanding and mitigating threats requires knowledge of how demographic processes operate throughout the annual cycle, but this can be difficult to achieve when breeding and non‐breeding grounds are widely separated. Our goal is to quantify the importance of variability in survival during the breeding and non‐breeding seasons in determining variation in annual survival using a single population and, more broadly, the extent to which annual survival across species reflects variation in probability of surviving the migratory period. We use a 25‐year dataset in which individuals of a long‐distance migratory bird, the alpine swift Tachymarptis melba, were captured towards the beginning and end of each breeding season to estimate age‐ and season‐specific survival probabilities and incorporate explicit estimation of the correlations in survival between age‐classes and seasons. Monthly survival was higher during the breeding period than during the rest of the year and strongly affected by conditions in the breeding season; effects that remained apparent in the following non‐breeding season, but not subsequently. Recruitment of juveniles was dependent on the timing of breeding, being higher if egg‐laying commenced before the median date, and substantially lower if not. Across migratory bird species, variation in annual survival largely reflects variation in the probability of surviving the migratory period. Using a double‐capture approach, even within a single season, provides valuable insights into the demography of migratory species, which will help understand the extent and impacts of the threats they face in a changing world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Survival varies seasonally in a migratory bird: Linkages between breeding and non‐breeding periods

Robinson

Meier

Witvliet

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…This could potentially result in birds from second broods departing on migration in lower body condition relative to birds from first broods (Raja‐Aho et al . ). Spending less time on the breeding grounds could be the result of time constraints faced by birds from second broods with respect to resource availability at staging and stopover sites (Newton , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…the time between fledging and autumn migration; Cox et al 2014) due to resource constraints late in the breeding season and from time constraints on completing moult and gaining adequate energy reserves needed to commence migration (Gr€ uebler & Naef-Daenzer 2008, 2010a, Tarof et al 2011, Cox et al 2014. Alternatively, increased mortality may be occurring at later stages of the annual cycle away from the breeding grounds, such as autumn migration or on the wintering grounds (Sillett & Holmes 2002, Mitchell et al 2011, Tarof et al 2011, Raja-Aho et al 2017. For example, timing of breeding may carry over to affect survival during migration if later broods have less time to prepare for migration (Tarof et al 2011, Raja-Aho et al 2017.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, increased mortality may be occurring at later stages of the annual cycle away from the breeding grounds, such as autumn migration or on the wintering grounds (Sillett & Holmes 2002, Mitchell et al 2011, Tarof et al 2011, Raja-Aho et al 2017. For example, timing of breeding may carry over to affect survival during migration if later broods have less time to prepare for migration (Tarof et al 2011, Raja-Aho et al 2017.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Individual condition, but not fledging phenology, carries over to affect post‐fledging survival in a Neotropical migratory songbird

Evans

Hobson

Kusack

et al. 2019

Ibis

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Migratory animals face severe time and energy constraints during their annual cycle. These constraints may be exacerbated in young animals by conditions experienced during development that can affect both phenotype and phenology. For young migratory songbirds, the period between fledging and autumn migration, the post‐fledging period, is believed to represent a time of intense selective pressure. However, there has yet to be a study that has assessed post‐fledging survival for the entirety of the post‐fledging period, probably due to the challenge of following juveniles as they move broadly across the landscape (tens to hundreds of kilometres). To overcome this challenge, we used an automated radiotelemetry array spanning 60 000 km2 in southern Ontario, Canada, and miniature digital radiotelemetry tags to track 216 juvenile Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica continuously from fledging to migration. We hypothesized that young that fledged in better condition and earlier in the breeding season would have higher survival relative to birds fledging in poorer condition, because they have more energy to deal with resource constraints, and that early‐fledging birds would depart on migration earlier than late‐fledging birds because there is probably a fixed period of time required post‐fledging to prepare for migration. We found that average cumulative apparent survival was 42% and that condition in the nest was a strong positive predictor of post‐fledging apparent survival. We also found that birds that fledged earlier in the season departed on migration earlier in the autumn relative to late‐fledging birds. Contrary to our prediction, average apparent survival was equal for early‐ and late‐fledging birds. Our results suggest that factors during development that promote better nestling condition are critical for predicting future apparent survival prior to migration. Differences in annual apparent survival between early‐ and late‐fledging songbirds, as commonly observed, may be driven by events occurring at later stages of the annual cycle.

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“…Nestling mass is positively correlated with postfledgling, i.e., juvenile, survival for Barn and Cliff Swallows Bomberger Brown 1996, Naef-Daenzer andGrüebler 2016), therefore we used mass as a proxy for postfledgling survival. However, we recognize that postfledgling mass and fledge date (not measured during this study) may also affect postfledgling survival (Raja-aho et al 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

No effect of insect abundance on nestling survival or mass for three aerial insectivores

Imlay¹,

Mann²,

Leonard³

2017

ACE

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ABSTRACT. Swallows, along with other aerial insectivores, are experiencing steep population declines. Decreased insect abundance has been implicated as a potential cause of the decline. However, to determine if there is a guild-level effect of reduced insect abundance on swallows, research is needed to examine relationships between insect abundance and breeding success for multiple species. The goal of our study was two-fold. First, we determined if insect abundance during nestling rearing varied with breeding phenology for three species of swallows, Barn (Hirundo rustica), Cliff (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), and Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), such that swallows breeding when insects are abundant have greater success. Then we determined if insect abundance was related to nestling survival and mass (as a proxy for postfledgling survival). We collected insects daily at each of three study sites during the breeding season, monitored swallow nests to determine breeding phenology and success, and weighed nestlings at or just prior to the peak of rapid nestling growth to determine mass. We found early hatching Cliff and Tree Swallow nests had higher insect abundance during nestling rearing. However, neither nestling survival nor mass were related to insect abundance. Our results suggest that breeding success in three species of swallows was not related to insect abundance in our study area. We suggest that the role of insect abundance on aerial insectivore declines may vary across their geographic range, and call for broad-scale, multispecies research on aerial insectivore declines. Absence d'effet du nombre d'insectes sur la survie et le poids des oisillons de trois insectivores aériensRÉSUMÉ. Les populations d'hirondelles, tout comme celles d'autres insectivores aériens, affichent des baisses marquées. Pour expliquer celles-ci, la diminution du nombre d'insectes a été soulevée comme cause possible. Toutefois, des études examinant la relation entre la quantité d'insectes et le succès de reproduction de plusieurs espèces sont nécessaires afin de déterminer si la quantité réduite d'insectes a un effet sur l'ensemble des espèces d'hirondelles. La présente étude avait deux objectifs. Le premier était de déterminer si la quantité d'insectes durant l'élevage des oisillons variait en fonction de la phénologie de nidification de trois espèces d'hirondelles, l'Hirondelle rustique (Hirundo rustica), l'Hirondelle à front blanc (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) et l'Hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor), de sorte que les hirondelles qui nichent au moment où les insectes sont nombreux devraient avoir un meilleur succès que celles qui ne le font pas. Le second objectif était de déterminer si la quantité d'insectes était reliée à la survie et au poids des oisillons (comme indicateur de la survie des jeunes ayant pris leur envol). Nous avons récolté quotidiennement des insectes à chacun des trois sites d'étude durant la saison de nidification, suivi des nids d'hirondelles afin de déterminer la phénologie et le succès de nidificatio...

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Juvenile Barn SwallowsHirundo rusticaL. from late broods start autumn migration younger, fuel less effectively and show lower return rates than juveniles from early broods

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Survival varies seasonally in a migratory bird: Linkages between breeding and non‐breeding periods

Survival varies seasonally in a migratory bird: Linkages between breeding and non‐breeding periods

Individual condition, but not fledging phenology, carries over to affect post‐fledging survival in a Neotropical migratory songbird

No effect of insect abundance on nestling survival or mass for three aerial insectivores

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