Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems' Responses to Youth Violence

Feld, Barry C.

doi:10.1086/449280

Cited by 60 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Orsagh and Chen (1988) (Bazemore & Umbreit 1995;Champion 1989;Feld 1987Feld , 1990Feld , 1993Feld , 1998Feld , 1999Forst et al 1989;Krisberg et al 1986;Rudman et al 1986), and the effects of this trend are in need of more thorough empirical examination. xx Second, the juvenile justice population reflects a group of offenders who are in (or nearing) their peak years of criminal activity, and devising effective strategies for controlling present and future offending can have important consequences for individual and social welfare.…”

Section: Unpacking the Relationship Between Incarceration And Recidivismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth

Lin¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This dissertation explores the reasons that court-involved youth in New York City are sent to institutional placement (incarcerated), and assesses the impact of placement on future recidivism. Unlike adult dispositions, family court dispositions for juveniles are driven by two distinct goals: protecting public safety and acting in the best interests of the youth. These interests may act in concert, or they may be at odds with one another. That is, the disposition that is best suited to protecting public safety may not be the one that is best for the youth. Given this dilemma, what are the real reasons behind decisions to incarcerate New York City juvenile delinquents? I find that the main forces behind the placement decisions have less to do with criminogenic risk factors and assessed needs, and more to do with factors that characterize youths' relationships with the court itself. These factors often represent the degree to which youth have "learned their lesson" and demonstrate that they can comply with court orders. However, despite the profound impact that they have on the risk of incarceration, these characteristics and dynamics are not very predictive of the risk of recidivism.Placement itself, at least in the short term, does not appear to affect the risk of recidivism. It neither decreases recidivism, as deterrence theory would predict, ii

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Section: Unpacking the Relationship Between Incarceration And Recidivismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth

Lin¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…In recent years, despite the well-documented needs of delinquent youth, the contemporary juvenile court has made increasing commitments to the ideals of punishment and retribution (Feld, 1998). No doubt, the mission of the court has shifted toward assigning punitive sanctions and ensuring public safety in response to the surge of youth violence that occurred between the late 1980s and mid-1990s.…”

Section: Does the Justice System Facilitate A Healthy Transition To Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The punitive trend in juvenile sentencing has compounded the burden of protecting youth in justice facilities (Feld, 1998). In recent years, evaluations of juvenile correctional facilities have documented numerous hazards and abuses endemic to incarceration.…”

Section: The Mission To Protect In a Harmful Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reentry of Young Offenders from the Justice System

Steinberg

Chung

Little

2004

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

134

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This article presents a developmental perspective on the reentry of young offenders into the community. We begin with a discussion of the psychosocial tasks of late adolescence. Next, we discuss contextual influences on the successful negotiation of these psychosocial tasks. Third, we examine whether and to what extent the contexts to which young offenders are exposed in the justice system are likely to facilitate normative psychosocial development. Finally, we argue that the psychosocial development of youthful offenders is disrupted, or "arrested," by their experiences within the justice system. Interventions designed to facilitate the successful reentry of young offenders into the community must be informed by what we know about healthy psychosocial development in late adolescence.

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“…Under the original rationale for the court, the treatment of each individual juvenile was indeterminate, as the amount of time needed for rehabilitation was unknown (Mack, 1909;Feld, 1999aFeld, , 1998. Judges held vast amounts of discretion over the sentencing of an offender, with decisions rooted in the rehabilitative ideal, and focused on the best interests of the child.…”

Section: Trends In Juvenile Justice Sentencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterrent Effect of Curfew Enforcement: Operation Nightwatch in St. Louis, 2003-2005

Urban¹

2005

ICPSR Data Holdings

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the curfew check program in St. Louis, Missouri, known as Nightwatch, to determine whether the program meets its stated goals of reducing recidivism and victimization, as well as the mechanism by which this is accomplished. The rationale behind the program is that the threat of formal controls by way of home visits and sanctions will elicit compliance with curfew and increase the perception of certainty of punishment, and that juveniles who must remain at home will have fewer opportunities for crime and victimization experiences. Perceptual deterrence and lifestyle and routine activity theories were used to test this rationale.The research design consists of a pre test with multiple post tests. A purposive sample of 118 offenders recently referred to the juvenile court for an official charge was selected and surveys administered. The experimental group consists of juveniles who received Nightwatch visits, the comparison group consists of juveniles with comparable demographic and offense characteristics, who did not receive visits.Results of the process evaluation reveal that the program functions well in terms of execution of home visits, but that record keeping and number of visits are inconsistent with stated procedures. The outcome evaluation revealed that between Time 1 and Time 2 the experimental group had significantly fewer self-report delinquency and victimization incidents. The comparison group had significantly more victimization experiences between these two time points. The mechanism for the reduction in delinquency appears to be opportunity rather than a change in perceptions. Thus, the juveniles apparently changed their behavior but not their perceptions of certainty of punishment. Several policy and research implications are presented.This study should not be generalized directly to other sites, given the small sample size, high rate of attrition, and that it is limited to only one study site. Jurisdictions considering a curfew check program such as Nightwatch must carefully consider budgetary, logistic, and feasibility issues prior to considering implementation.ii

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Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems' Responses to Youth Violence

Cited by 60 publications

References 79 publications

Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth

Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth

Reentry of Young Offenders from the Justice System

Deterrent Effect of Curfew Enforcement: Operation Nightwatch in St. Louis, 2003-2005

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