Juvenile and Adult Ecology

Butler, Mark J.; Steneck, Robert S.; Herrnkind, William F.

doi:10.1002/9780470995969.ch8

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…In studies of spiny lobsters, early benthic phase individuals were vulnerable to predation and suffered high mortality from fishes and motile invertebrates (crabs and octopus) (Butler et al 2006). Experiments confirmed that the abundances of juvenile lobster Panulirus argus increased on artificial patch reefs from which groupers Epinephelus striatus were removed (Eggleston et al 1997).…”

Section: Mega-decapods As Preymentioning

confidence: 52%

Ecological role of large benthic decapods in marine ecosystems: a review

Boudreau¹,

Worm²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

124

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Large benthic decapods play an increasingly important role in commercial fisheries worldwide, yet their roles in the marine ecosystem are less well understood. A synthesis of existing evidence for 4 infraorders of large benthic marine decapods, Brachyura (true crabs), Anomura (king crabs), Astacidea (clawed lobsters) and Achelata (clawless lobsters), is presented here to gain insight into their ecological roles and possible ecosystem effects of decapod fisheries. The reviewed species are prey items for a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates. They are omnivorous but prefer molluscs and crustaceans as prey. Experimental studies have shown that decapods influence the structuring of benthic habitat, occasionally playing a keystone role by suppressing herbivores or space competitors. Indirectly, via trophic cascades, they can contribute to the maintenance of kelp forest, marsh grass, and algal turf habitats. Changes in the abundance of their predators can strongly affect decapod population trends. Commonly documented nonconsumptive interactions include interference-competition for food or shelter, as well as habitat provision for other invertebrates. Anthropogenic factors such as exploitation, the creation of protected areas, and species introductions influence these ecosystem roles by decreasing or increasing decapod densities, often with measurable effects on prey communities. Many studies have investigated particular ecosystem effects of decapods, but few species were comprehensively studied in an ecosystem context. A simplified synthetic framework for interpreting eco system roles of decapods was derived from the available evidence; however, more experimental and long-term observational studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and shed light on the longterm consequences of decapod fisheries.

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Section: Mega-decapods As Preymentioning

confidence: 52%

Ecological role of large benthic decapods in marine ecosystems: a review

Boudreau¹,

Worm²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

124

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“…Larval supply is not the only factor controlling recruitment. The availability and suitability of nursery habitat is crucial to the successful recruitment of lobsters (reviewed in Butler et al 2006) and many other reef species (Steneck et al 2009). Still, there can be no recruitment without an ample supply of settlers, so understanding larval dispersal and the factors influencing it are critical for understanding population connectivity and its role in sustaining marine populations (Kritzer & Sale 2006).…”

Section: Other Factors Affecting Population Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior constrains the dispersal of long-lived spiny lobster larvae

Butler

Paris

Goldstein

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

122

110

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Behavior such as ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM) limits the transport of marine larvae with short pelagic larval durations (PLDs), but its effect on the supposed long-distance dispersal of larvae with long PLDs is unknown. We conducted laboratory tests of ontogenetic change in larval phototaxis and examined size-specific patterns of larval distribution in the plankton to characterize OVM in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus during its long (6 mo) PLD. We then used a coupled biophysical model to explore the consequences of OVM and hydrodynamics on larval P. argus dispersal in the Caribbean Sea. Larvae reared in the laboratory were positively phototatic for the first 2 mo and then avoided light thereafter, similar that seen in the planktonic distribution of same-sized larvae. Simulations of larval dispersal from 13 spawning sites in the Caribbean Sea predicted that twice as many larvae would recruit to nurseries if they displayed OVM compared with passive dispersers. Larvae with OVM typically settled < 400 km from where they were spawned, while passive dispersers often settled >1000 km away. OVM also produced an asymmetrical bimodal pattern of dispersal dominated by larvae that settled near their origin (~60%), but showed a second peak of larvae that dispersed over long distances (~20%). Hydrodynamics created subregional differences in the potential for self-recruitment. Our findings suggest that (1) larval behavior constrains the dispersal of even long-lived larvae, particularly in tandem with retentive oceanographic environments, and (2) larval sources of P. argus in the Caribbean Sea cannot be estimated from passive transport and surface circulation.

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“…data). Upon reaching 15 to 20 mm carapace length (CL; a standard measure of size in lobsters), the juveniles emerge from vegetation, become social and aggregate in crevices provided by sponges, corals and rocks (see Butler et al 2006). Based on histological evidence, the prevalence of PaV1 is highest (~16%) among the smallest of these crevice-dwelling juveniles (15 to 20 mm CL), declines to about 5% once they reach 35 to 45 mm CL and is nearly imperceptible (<1%) in adults (Shields & Behringer 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) and its effect on the survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster

Butler¹,

Behringer²,

Shields³

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, an important fisheries species, is host to Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a lethal, unclassified virus -the first found in any species of lobster -prevalent in juvenile lobsters. We describe a series of laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the likely modes of disease transmission, determining the survival of lobsters relative to each transmission pathway and identifying potential alternate hosts. Given evidence for lower prevalence of PaV1 in large lobsters, the effect of lobster size on susceptibility was also examined. Results demonstrated that PaV1 can be transmitted to juvenile lobsters via inoculation, ingestion of diseased tissue, contact with diseased lobsters and -among the smallest juveniles -through water over distances of a few meters. Contact and waterborne transmission, the most likely modes of transmission in the wild, were less efficient than inoculation or ingestion. Nevertheless, about half of the smallest lobsters in contact and waterborne trials contracted the disease and died within 3 mo. Other decapods that co-occur with P. argus (e.g. spotted lobster P. guttatus, stone crab Menippe mercenaria, channel crab Mithrax spinosissimus) did not acquire the disease after inoculation with PaV1-infected hemolymph. Our results confirmed that PaV1 is highly infectious and lethal to juvenile P. argus, particularly early benthic juveniles in the wild, and, hence, is a threat to mariculture.

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Juvenile and Adult Ecology

Cited by 58 publications

References 224 publications

Ecological role of large benthic decapods in marine ecosystems: a review

Ecological role of large benthic decapods in marine ecosystems: a review

Behavior constrains the dispersal of long-lived spiny lobster larvae

Transmission of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) and its effect on the survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster

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