JUUL and other stealth vaporisers: hiding the habit from parents and teachers

Ramamurthi, Divya; Chau, Cindy H.; Jackler, Robert K.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054455

Cited by 112 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The low levels of flavor chemicals in most JUUL pods may reduce their odor, which would facilitate "stealth" use, a desirable feature among middle and high school students who vape in class or in rest rooms. 12 The flavor chemicals that were present in JUUL pods at very low concentrations are likely coconstituents of the major flavor chemicals (i.e., menthol, vanillin and ethyl maltol) or may in some cases be added to impart subtle flavor accents. With respect to manufacturing practices, duplicate pods and packages were identical and contained similar flavor chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 This demographic may be attracted to JUUL in part because of its appealing compact design, which resembles a USB drive, and its ability to create relatively small clouds of aerosol making its use indoors and in schools difficult to detect. 12 Unlike many other EC fluids, JUUL products contain high concentrations of nicotine and sufficient acid to protonate most of the nicotine; lower free-base nicotine levels have been associated with increased palatability on inhalation. [13][14][15] The JUUL utilizes pre-filled EC fluid "pods", originally sold exclusively by JUUL, but now offered by third parties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations

Omaiye

Luo

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While JUUL electronic cigarettes (ECs) have captured the majority of the EC market with a large fraction of their sales going to adolescents, little is known about their cytotoxicity and potential effects on health. The purpose of this study was to determine flavor chemical and nicotine concentrations in the eight currently marketed pre-filled JUUL EC cartridges ("pods") and to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the different variants (e.g., "Cool Mint" and "Crème Brulee") using in vitro assays. Nicotine and flavor chemicals were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in pod fluid before and after vaping and in the corresponding aerosols. 59 flavor chemicals were identified in JUUL pod fluids, and three were >1 mg/mL. Duplicate pods were similar in flavor chemical composition and concentration. Nicotine concentrations (average 60.9 mg/mL) were significantly higher than any EC products we have analyzed previously. Transfer efficiency of individual flavor chemicals that were >1mg/mL and nicotine from the pod fluid into aerosols was generally 35 -80%. All pod fluids were cytotoxic at a 1:10 dilution (10%) in the MTT and neutral red uptake assays when tested with BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. Most aerosols were cytotoxic in these assays at concentrations >1%. The cytotoxicity of aerosols was highly correlated with nicotine and ethyl maltol concentrations and moderately to weakly correlated with total flavor chemical concentration and menthol concentration. Our study demonstrates that: (1) some JUUL flavor pods have high concentrations of flavor chemicals that may make them attractive to youth, and (2) the concentrations of nicotine and some flavor chemicals (e.g. ethyl maltol) are high enough to be cytotoxic in acute in vitro assays, emphasizing the need to determine if JUUL products will lead to adverse health effects with chronic use.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations

Omaiye

Luo

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…117 To making e-cigs more appealing to young people, some of the chemicals used to create certain flavours may also have health risks. 117 A new type of e-cig (JUUL) has recently become increasingly popular due to its minimal exhaled aerosol, reduced odour and small size, making it easy to conceal, 118 but with a high level of nicotine. 119 E-cigs can be used to deliver other drugs, including marijuana: in 2016, one-third of US middle and high school students who ever used e-cigs had used marijuana in e-cigarettes.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology

Piepoli

Abreu

Albus

et al. 2019

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in 1994 and have been regularly updated, most recently in 2016, by the Sixth European Joint Task Force. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, components from the task force and experts from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology were invited to provide a summary and critical review of the most important new studies and evidence since the latest guidelines were published. The structure of the document follows that of the previous document and has six parts: Introduction (epidemiology and cost effectiveness); Cardiovascular risk; How to intervene at the population level; How to intervene at the individual level; Disease-specific interventions; and Settings: where to intervene? In fact, in keeping with the guidelines, greater emphasis has been put on a population-based approach and on disease-specific interventions, avoiding re-interpretation of information already and previously considered. Finally, the presence of several gaps in the knowledge is highlighted.

show abstract

“…The brand had reached a market share of about 40% in the US by the end of 2017 (Huang et al 2019) with high popularity among adolescents (Hammond et al 2019;Krishnan-Sarin et al 2019). This is likely due to viral marketing and the spreading of the product via social media and YouTube (Allem et al 2018;Brett et al 2019;Chu et al 2018;Czaplicki et al 2019;Kavuluru et al 2019;Ramamurthi et al 2019). The product design is flat and the vapor generation is low, which allows unsuspicious "stealth" vaping that even went viral as an internet challenge (Ramamurthi et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely due to viral marketing and the spreading of the product via social media and YouTube (Allem et al 2018;Brett et al 2019;Chu et al 2018;Czaplicki et al 2019;Kavuluru et al 2019;Ramamurthi et al 2019). The product design is flat and the vapor generation is low, which allows unsuspicious "stealth" vaping that even went viral as an internet challenge (Ramamurthi et al 2019). Evidence for nicotine dependence in adolescent pod users has been shown in a pilot study (Boykan et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trendy e-cigarettes enter Europe: chemical characterization of JUUL pods and its aerosols

Mallock

Trieu²,

Macziol³

et al. 2020

Arch Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The popularity and the high nicotine content of the American pod e-cigarette JUUL have raised many concerns. To comply with European law, the nicotine concentration in the liquids of the European version, which has been recently released on the market, is limited to below 20 mg/mL. This limit can possibly be circumvented by technological adjustments that increase vaporization and consequently, elevate nicotine delivery. In this study, we compare vapor generation and nicotine delivery of the initial European version, a modified European version, and the original American high-nicotine variant using a machine vaping setup. Additionally, benzoic acid and carbonyl compounds are quantified in the aerosol. Further, concentrations of nicotine, benzoic acid, propylene glycol, and glycerol, along with the density and pH value of JUUL e-liquids have been assessed. Whereas the initial European version did not compensate for the low nicotine content in the liquid, we provide evidence for an increased vaporization by the modified European version. As a consequence, nicotine delivery per puff approximates the American original. Notably, this is not associated with an increased generation of carbonyl compounds. Our data suggest a similar addictiveness of the enhanced European version and the original American product.

show abstract

JUUL and other stealth vaporisers: hiding the habit from parents and teachers

Cited by 112 publications

References 13 publications

Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations

Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations

Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology

Trendy e-cigarettes enter Europe: chemical characterization of JUUL pods and its aerosols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About