The fall of Sirmium under the Avars in 582 marks the end of a long process of
weakening of imperial power on the Danube border. The Hunnic incursions of
the mid-fifth century had left permanent economic and demographic
consequences, crucial to the fate of northern possessions. The region of
Pannonia Secunda, with the capital Sirmium, became the prey of Germanic
populations, Ostrogoths and Gepids. By the beginning of the sixth century,
Byzantium controlled only the eastern part of Syrmia with the city of
Bassianae, where the Heruli were settled. The Germanic newcomers left
recognisable material traces, particularly in Sirmium and Cibalae. Even in
the context of depopulation and ruralisation of these centres, traces of the
persisting Romans can also be observed. After the 567 Avar victory over the
Gepids, the Empire managed to regain control of Sirmium; fierce battles and
negotiations were to end only with the fall of the city. Judging by the
archaeological record, the Avars seem not to have settled Syrmia, or Sirmium
itself, on a large scale. There is numismatic, sigillographic and
archaeological evidence for the period of the fall of Pannonia Secunda and
for the following decades in which the Romans went on living under
conditions far from ideal. In this paper we publish Byzantine lead seals,
the most important of which bears the name of ????(?)??? ??? ????????. By
all appearances, it belonged to a diplomat dealing with the Avars between
567 and 582, although a slightly later dating is possible, as well. The
well-known belt-set from Divos (?), certainly of Byzantine make, is likewise
discussed in the light of diplomatic relations and tribute. We also publish
a matrix for hammering out the Martynovka-type harness mounts and a belt
buckle of the so-called Pannonian type. While it is not possible to conclude
whether these objects belonged to the remaining Romans or not, they
apparently reflect cultural affinities in Avar Syrmia and the strength of
Byzantine influences.