“…In various real-life systems, however, processing times may be controllable by allocating resources, such as additional money, overtime, energy, fuel, catalysts, subcontracting, or additional manpower, to the job operations (see, e.g., [22,53,29,50]). Due to the large variety of applications, there is extensive literature on the subject of scheduling with controllable processing times (see, e.g., [55,21,20,23,24,2,8,57,19,37,51,46,14,15,49,59,33]). A survey of results up to 1990 is provided by Nowicki and Zdrzalka [38], and more recent surveys are presented by Chudzik et al [10], Janiak et al [26] and Shabtay and Steiner [48].…”