Just-in-time patents and the development of standards

Abstract

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Evaluation of Operation Efficiency of High-Tech Industry with Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

“…Pinheiro, Hennart, & Gulamhussen (2016) regarded performance as the integrated concept to refl ect organizational operation for presenting the organizational operation result, and performance was composed of effi ciency and eff ectiveness. In regard to effi ciency and eff ectiveness, Kang & Bekkers (2015) regarded effi ciency as "doing things right" and eff ectiveness as "doing the right thing". In consideration of essential and functional diff erences among organizations, performance cannot be measured with a general model.…”

Technical standards, standards-setting organizations, and intellectual property: a survey of the literature (with an emphasis on empirical approaches)

“…Similar delays were observed by Caviggioli et al (2015) in their study of LTE SEPs. Kang and Bekkers (2015) studied the behavior of 939 individual participants from 53 different firms who attended 77 3GPP meetings over a 12-year period during which the W-CDMA and LTE wireless telecommunications standards were developed. They observed a phenomenon that they term "just-in-time-patenting": SSO participants apply for patents of "low technical merit" 15 in large quantities immediately before an SSO meeting, then send participants to the meeting to negotiate the inclusion of the patented technology into the standard.…”

Approximating the Standard Essentiality of Patents - A Semantics-Based Analysis

“…In the first place, firms may decide to promote their own patented technologies for inclusion in a given standard through engagement in the standardization process. 12 Apart from that, firms may conduct what is commonly known as just-in-time patenting (Kang and Bekkers, 2015). Namely, firms intentionally file patents shortly before standardization meetings.…”