Just and fair household energy transition in rural Latin American households: are we moving forward?

Schilmann, Astrid; Ruiz-García, Víctor M.; Serrano-Medrano, Montserrat; Vega, Luz Angélica de la Sierra de la; Olaya-García, Belén; Estevez-García, Jesús Alejandro; Berrueta, Víctor; Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio; Masera, Omar

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac28b2

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…A notable trend with the incorporation of non-renewable woodfuel emissions into the overall household food system emissions is the amplification of country-level emissions in countries/territories with high dependence on woodfuel as their source of energy (Schilmann et al, 2021;World Bank, 2011). Our refined assessments of emissions contributions highlight the importance of non-renewable woodfuel into the overall food systems emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Woodfuel used in Households

Flammini

Adzmir

Karl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The combustion of woodfuel for residential use is often not considered to be a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in households since emissions from woodfuel combustion can be offset by the CO2 absorbed by the growth of the forest as a carbon sink (IPCC, 2006). However, this only applies to wood that is harvested in a renewable way, i.e., at a rate not exceeding the regrowth rate of the forest from which it is harvested (Drigo et al., 2002). This paper estimates the share of GHG emissions attributable to non-renewable woodfuel harvesting for use in residential food activities. It adds to a growing research base estimating GHG emissions from across the entire agri-food value chain, from the manufacture of farm inputs, through food supply chains, and finally to waste disposal (Tubiello et al., 2021). Country-level information is generated from United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and International Energy Agency (IEA) data on woodfuel use in households. We find that, in 2019, annual emissions from non-renewable woodfuel use in household food consumption were about 745 million tonnes (Mt CO2eq yr−1), with uncertainty ranging from −20 % to + 22 %, having increased 6 % from 1990. Overall, global trends were a result of counterbalancing effects: the emission increases were largely fuelled from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia, and Latin America while significant decreases were seen in countries in Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has developed and regularly maintains a database covering GHG emissions from the various components of the agri-food sector, including pre- and post-production activities, by country and world regions. The dataset is developed according to International Panel on Climate Change guidelines (IPCC, 2006), which avoids overlaps across AFOLU and energy components. It relies mainly on UNSD Energy Statistics data, which are used as activity data for the calculation of the GHG emissions (Tubiello et al., 2022). The information used in this work is available as open data with DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310932 (Flammini et al., 2022).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Woodfuel used in Households

Flammini

Adzmir

Karl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Transitioning poor households in rural areas of developing economies to exclusive use of clean fuels like LPG (disadopt solid fuels) remains a challenge across the Global South. Even in a country like Ecuador, with ~90% subsidy for LPG fuel, solid fuels are used in 40% of households as a secondary fuel (Gould et al, 2018;Schilmann et al, 2021). The health risk reductions are greatest when there is little or no use of solid fuels (e.g., exclusive LPG use) by a household (Johnson & Chiang, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, depending on the extent to which firewood is unsustainably harvested, the transition from firewood to LPG (fossil fuel) can be a net gain from a climate perspective (Singh et al, 2017). Many national governments with clean cooking goals have specifically committed to LPG access or penetration targets, and some have rolled out major LPG programs on the ground (ESMAP, 2020;Quinn et al, 2018;Schilmann et al, 2021). Several member countries under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) declared ambitious targets for LPG penetration in 2015 (Van Leeuwen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of non-primary, primary, and exclusive use of liquefied petroleum gas vary significantly in a nationally representative survey in Ghana

Kar

Tawiah

Graham

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Clean cooking transitions can have profound public health, environmental and societal gains for 2.6 billion people in the Global South. We use data from the largest household energy survey (n= 7,389) in Ghana to provide novel insights. One, regression analysis with thirteen commonly cited socio-economic and demographic predictors indicates that these factors have remarkably different levels of influence at different stages of the transition process. We propose a stage-based intervention strategy and customer targeting approach that could be a paradigm shift in how clean cooking interventions are rolled out. Two, we identify factors that are associated with exclusive use of LPG using a statistically powered sample of exclusive LPG users (n= 693). We find that everything else being equal, increases in wealth, and residing in an urban location are not associated with a transition from primary to exclusive LPG use.

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“…The formation of acid rains and smog from the release of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere has been reported when fossil fuels are used (Perera, 2017). Furthermore, indoor pollution has been reported to cause respiratory illnesses and premature deaths (Schilmann et al ., 2021). On the other hand, outdoor pollution has a broader subset of categories, including air, water and land pollution, causing adverse impacts on public health, from respiratory diseases to dysentery and cancers (Sweileh et al ., 2018; Sun & Zhu, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor and outdoor air pollutants as emerging public health threat in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review

Husaini

Manzur²,

Medrano³

2023

AGJSR

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PurposeThis systematic review examined the emerging threat of indoor and outdoor pollutants to public health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).Design/methodology/approachPollutants and pollution levels are becoming an increasing cause for concern within the LAC region, primarily because of the rapid increase in urbanization and the use of fossil fuels. The rise in indoor and outdoor air pollutants impacts public health, and there are limited regional studies on the impact of these pollutants and how they affect public health. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases. Significant search terms included “indoor air pollution,” “outdoor air pollution,” “pollution,” “Latin America,” “Central America,” “South America” and “Caribbean was used.” The systematic review utilized the Rayyan systematic software for uploading and sorting study references.FindingsDatabase searches produced 1,674 results, of which, after using the inclusion–exclusion criteria and assessing for bias, 16 studies were included and used for the systematic review. These studies covered both indoor and outdoor pollution. Various indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to low birth weight, asthma, cancer and DNA impairment were reported in this review. Even though only some intervention programs are available within the region to mitigate the harmful effects of pollution, these programs need to be robust and appropriately implemented, causing possible threats to public health. Significant gaps in the research were identified, especially in the Caribbean.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study include limited available research done within LAC, with most of the research quantifying pollutants rather than addressing their impacts. Additionally, most studies focus on air pollution but neglect water and land pollution’s effects on public health. For this reason, the 16 studies included limited robustness of the review.Originality/valueAlthough available studies quantifying pollution threats in LAC were identified in this review, research on the adverse impacts of pollution, especially concerning public health, is limited. LAC countries should explore making cities more energy-efficient, compact and green while improving the transportation sector by utilizing clean power generation. In order to properly lessen the effects of pollution on public health, more research needs to be done and implemented programs that are working need to be strengthened and expanded.

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Just and fair household energy transition in rural Latin American households: are we moving forward?

Cited by 22 publications

References 129 publications

Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Woodfuel used in Households

Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Woodfuel used in Households

Determinants of non-primary, primary, and exclusive use of liquefied petroleum gas vary significantly in a nationally representative survey in Ghana

Indoor and outdoor air pollutants as emerging public health threat in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review

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