Jurisdictional competition for quality standards: Competition of laxity?

Abstract

Regulatory competition arises where governments mutually accept quality standards in a common market. It

Regulatory Lag, Regulatory Friction and Regulatory Transition as FinTech Disenablers: Calibrating an EU Response to the Regulatory Sandbox Phenomenon

“…Accordingly, within European Union policy, there is a well-leavened realisation of the need to support FinTech innovation and harness a digital single market, as enshrined in the FinTech Action Plan. 94 A competitive, 'frictionless single market' 88 On this notion in economics see Apolte (2002). 89 Sun and Pelkmans (1995).…”

‘Race to the Bottom’ or ‘Race to Brussels’? Environmental Competition in Europe

“…Fifth, Chua (1999, p. 423) concludes in her study that the ambiguity of empirical results arises partly from the role of innovation and the international diffusion of environmental technologies, as well as from the positive economic feedback effects of a cleaner environment: firms may also be seeking clean environmental resources as factor inputs. Finally, the result of regulatory competition depends on contextual factors such as relative market size or the number of competing countries (Oates, 1998; Apolte, 2002; Holzinger, 2003).…”

“…Under recognition of these factors, no general ‘race to the bottom’ can be predicted. Apolte (2002, pp. 389ff.)…”