Jurassic Arab-C and -D Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, Qatif Field, Saudi Arabia

Wilson, Augustus O.

doi:10.2118/9594-ms

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The Qatif field is the first i-field in Saudi Aramco. The field is well equipped with asset measurement, communication, control, and field rate optimization [48,49].…”

Section: Qatifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Enhanced Oil Recovery for Carbonate Reservoirs

Haq

2021

Polymers

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Green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR) is an eco-friendly EOR technique involving the injection of specific green fluids to improve macroscopic and microscopic sweep efficiencies, boosting residual oil production. The environmentally friendly surfactant-polymer (SP) flood is successfully tested in a sandstone reservoir. However, the applicability of the SP method does not extend to carbonate reservoirs yet and requires comprehensive investigation. This work aims to explore the oil recovery competency of a green SP formulation in carbonate through experimental and modelling studies. Numerous formulations of SP with ketone, alcohol, and organic acid are selected based on phase behavior and interfacial tension (IFT) reduction capabilities to examine their potential for enhancing residual oil production from carbonate cores. A blending of nonionic green surfactant alkyl polyglucoside (APG), xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer, and butanone recovered 22% tertiary oil from the carbonate core. This formulation recovered more than double residual crude than that of the APG, XG, and acetone. Similarly, a combination of APG, XG, acrylic acid, and butanol increased significantly more oil than the APG, XG, and acrylic acid formulation. The APG, XG, and butanone mixture is efficient with regards to boosting tertiary oil recovery from the carbonate core.

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“…The Qatif field is the first i-field in Saudi Aramco. The field is well equipped with asset measurement, communication, control, and field rate optimization [48,49].…”

Section: Qatifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Enhanced Oil Recovery for Carbonate Reservoirs

Haq

2021

Polymers

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“…The Arab C reservoir has been described from many fields in the area including Abqaiq (Saner and Abdulghani, 1995), Qatif (Wilson, 1981), Al Rayan (Clark et al, 2004), and Al Bunduq (Honda et al, 1989). In each the reservoir is 70-100 feet thick and occurs between anhydrite intervals.…”

Section: Arab Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of the Arab reservoirs started in 1949 and has progressed through various phases of development. Within the western Arabian Gulf and onshore Saudi Arabia, the Arab Formation is sub-divided into the A, B, C, and D members (Steineke et al, 1958 andSadooni, 2001), each of which is separated by an anhydrite layer, commonly forming a seal unit between reservoired hydrocarbons in producing fields (see Wilson, 1981;Saner and Abdulghani, 1995; Alsharhan and Nairn, 1997; Clark et al, 2004). Regionally, many oil fields produce from the Arab C and D, including Ghawar, Awali, Berri, Abqaiq, Qatif, Abu Sa'fah, Al Bunduq, Maydan Mahzam, and Bul Hanine (Al Saddiqi and Dawe, 1999; and IHS vendor data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Arab Formation Reservoirs, Dukhan Field, Qatar

Stephens

Puls²,

Albotrous

et al. 2009

All Days

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435. AbstractIn the Upper Jurassic Arab C and D reservoirs, three 3 rd -order sequences are interpreted in Dukhan Field, Qatar and are refered to as the Kim1, Kim2, and Kim3 sequences (after Hardenbol et al., 1998). At Dukhan, the Arab C and D reservoirs have produced since 1949. Over 800 wells have been drilled in Dukhan, 180 of which have been cored. Based on sedimentological analysis of the cores, environments of deposition (EODs) have been assigned to cored wells. Twenty three EODs were identified and grouped into five facies tracts: Sabkha, Beach, Ramp Interior, Ramp Crest, and Outer Mid Ramp. Parasequences and parasequence sets were recognized in the core data, and sequences were interpreted from the parasequence stacking patterns as well as evidence for exposure. Log-based correlation provides a method for extending the sequence stratigraphic framework from cored to uncored wells across the field.Within a sequence stratigraphic framework, the spatial positions of facies tracts and corresponding EODs are predictable. Based on lateral changes in EODs and onlap patterns, we have determined that deposition dip is towards the northeast. Capping the Kim1 sequence, the Arab D consists of a 20 foot thick interval of cross-bedded, coated-grain grainstone in the southern portion of the field. To the north, the grainstone package of the Kim1 sequence passes into a deeper-water EOD with a higher percentage of packstone and wackestone. Above the Kim2 sequence boundary, a transgressive wedge thins toward the south. The Kim2 sequence contains Ramp Interior and Beach facies tracts that prograde to the northeast. The top of this sequence occurs in the Sabkha facies tract. The Kim3 sequence is initiated by the Lower Qatar Anhydrite, a regional feature that forms a seal between the Arab D and C reservoirs. The transgressive system tract of the Kim3 sequence is capped by coarse grain beaches and shallow subtidal lagoon EODs of the lower Arab C reservoir. The maximum flood is indicated by distinctive thrombolitic horizons in core. The upper Arab C represents the highstand of the Kim3 sequence and is composed of upward thinning and increasingly restricted EODs of the Sabkha facies tract.In the Arab C and D, reservoir quality is highly influenced by depositional texture. Well-sorted, cross-bedded grainstones in the shoal and beach EODs consistently have excellent interparticle porosity with permeability over 100 mD and commonly exceeding 1000 mD. Deeper-water EODs consists of a greater percentage of packstone and wackestone with intraparticle porosity and microporosity. These low-energy EODs typically exhibit permeability less than 20 mD. Sabkha EODs are of low to moderate reservoir quality except where dolomitization has improved permeability. Placing EODs in a sequence stratigraphic framework provides a method by which we can predict lateral changes in rock properties and, within 3D geologic models, distribute rock properties insightfully. Petroleum EODs are the combination of physical, c...

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“…The Arab‐D carbonates, equivalent in age to the studied outcrop succession, comprise the most prolific reservoir interval (Warren, ) and host several of the largest oilfields in the world (for example, the Ghawar, Qatif, Abqaiq and Khurais fields of Saudi Arabia; Wilson, ; Durham, ). Understanding vertical and lateral variations in facies and associated heterogeneities in the interval is of great importance for reservoir characterization, modelling and management (Mitchell et al ., ; Handford et al ., ; Lindsay et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geometry, spatial arrangement and origin of carbonate grain‐dominated, scour‐fill and event‐bed deposits: Late Jurassic Jubaila Formation and Arab‐D Member, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2017

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Outcrop analogues of the Late Jurassic lower Arab‐D reservoir zone in Saudi Arabia expose a succession of fining‐upward cycles deposited on a distal middle‐ramp to outer‐ramp setting. These cycles are interrupted by erosional scours that incise up to 1·8 m into underlying deposits and are infilled with intraclasts up to boulder size (1 m diameter). Scours of similar size and infill are not commonly observed on low‐angle carbonate ramps. Outcrops have been used to characterize and quantify facies‐body geometries and spatial relationships. The coarse grain size of scour‐fills indicates scouring and boulder transport by debris or hyperconcentrated density flows strengthened by offshore‐directed currents. Longitudinal and lateral flow transformation is invoked to produce the ‘pit and wing’ geometry of the scours. Scour pits and wings erode up to 1·8 m and 0·7 m deep, respectively, and are on average 50 m wide between wing tips. The flat bases of the scours and their lack of consistent aspect ratio indicate that erosion depth was limited by the presence of cemented firmgrounds in underlying cycles. Scours define slightly sinuous channels that are consistently oriented north–south, sub‐parallel to the inferred regional depositional strike of the ramp, suggesting that local palaeobathymetry was more complex than commonly assumed. Weak lateral clustering of some scours indicates that they were underfilled and reoccupied by later scour incision and infill. Rudstone scour‐fills required reworking of material from inner ramp by high‐energy, offshore‐directed flows, associated with storm action and the hydraulic gradient produced by coastal storm setup, to generate erosion and sustain transport of clasts that are generally associated with steeper slopes. Quantitative analysis indicates that these coarse‐grained units have limited potential for correlation between wells as laterally continuous, highly permeable reservoir flow units, but their erosional and locally clustered character may increase effective vertical permeability of the Arab‐D reservoir zone as a whole.

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Jurassic Arab-C and -D Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, Qatif Field, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Green Enhanced Oil Recovery for Carbonate Reservoirs

Green Enhanced Oil Recovery for Carbonate Reservoirs

Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Arab Formation Reservoirs, Dukhan Field, Qatar

Geometry, spatial arrangement and origin of carbonate grain‐dominated, scour‐fill and event‐bed deposits: Late Jurassic Jubaila Formation and Arab‐D Member, Saudi Arabia

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