Jumping to conclusions and suicidal behavior in depression and psychosis

Sastre-Buades, Aina; Ochoa, Susana; Lorente-Rovira, Esther; Barajas, Ana; Grasa, Eva; López-Carrilero, Raquel; Luengo, Ana; Ruiz-Delgado, Isabel; Cid, Jordi; González-Higueras, Fermín; Sánchez-Alonso, Sergio; Baca‐García, Enrique; Barrigón, María Luisa

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.024

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Even though previous studies using this paradigm did show a JTC bias in psychosis-prone individuals [ 38 ], other studies failed to replicate the JTC bias in patients with schizophrenia with novel [ 70 ] or even classic paradigms [ 71 ]. While some studies have suggested the JTC bias as a transdiagnostic trait [ 49 ], evidence from this paradigm does not support this idea. However, concurrent validity between this novel JAS paradigm and classical JTC tasks needs to be further established (for initial evidence, see [ 38 ]), especially as healthy controls also sampled a smaller total number of information in the JAS paradigm (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A possible JTC bias might be elevated if the information provided is of a social nature (e.g., in the form of advice from previous respondents), as patients with BPD show a trust bias [ 31 ], feel more readily excluded [ 46 ], and show increased rejection sensitivity [ 47 , 48 ]. Furthermore, JTC may represent a transdiagnostic trait, including suicidality and depressiveness [ 49 ], both of which patients with BPD are highly prone to [ 2 , 50 ]. In sum, we assumed that patients with BPD would show a hasty decision-making style (JTC) and thus would seek less advice than controls before giving their final estimate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder

Scheunemann

Jelinek

Biedermann

et al. 2023

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Research suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) share a range of cognitive biases with patients with psychosis. As the disorder often manifests in dysfunctional social interactions, we assumed associated reasoning styles would be exaggerated in a social setting. For the present study, we applied the Judge-Advisor System by asking participants to provide initial estimates of a person’s age and presumed hostility based on a portrait photo. Afterwards, we presented additional cues/advice in the form of responses by anonymous previous respondents. Participants could revise their estimate, seek additional advice, or make a decision. Contrary to our preregistered hypothesis, patients with BPD (n = 38) performed similarly to healthy controls (n = 30). Patients sought the same number of pieces of advice, were equally confident, and used advice in similar ways to revise their estimates. Thus, patients with BPD did trust advice. However, patients gave higher hostility ratings to the portrayed persons. In conclusion, patients with BPD showed no cognitive biases in seeking, evaluating, and integrating socially provided information. While the study implies emotional rather than cognitive biases in the disorder, cognitive biases may still prove to be useful treatment targets in order to encourage delaying and reflecting on extreme emotional responses in social interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder

Scheunemann

Jelinek

Biedermann

et al. 2023

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Excess information gathering for a simple or irrelevant decision, such as repetitively checking whether the door is lock, or the oven switched off, may lead to unnecessary costs, including the time and energy spent exploring, such as in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; Hauser et al, 2017a ; Strauss et al, 2020 ). Alternatively, expending too little resources on information gathering, e.g., because of an aversion to allocate cognitive resources in patients suffering from depression, may increase the risk of jumping to conclusions, resulting in unwarranted assumptions and poor decisions ( Taylor Tavares et al, 2007 ; Sastre-Buades et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Serotonin Increases Information Gathering by Reducing Subjective Cognitive Costs

Michely,

Martin,

Dolan

et al. 2023

J. Neurosci.

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Serotonin is implicated in the valuation of aversive costs, such as delay or physical effort. However, its role in governing sensitivity to cognitive effort, for example deliberation costs during information gathering, is unclear. We show that treatment with a serotonergic antidepressant in healthy human individuals of either sex enhances a willingness to gather information when trying to maximize reward. Using computational modelling, we show this arises from a diminished sensitivity to subjective deliberation costs during the sampling process. This result is consistent with the notion that serotonin alleviates sensitivity to aversive costs in a domain-general fashion, with implications for its potential contribution to a positive impact on motivational deficits in psychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Gathering information about the world is essential for successfully navigating it. However, sampling information is costly, and we need to balance between gathering too little and too much information. The neurocomputational mechanisms underlying this arbitration between a putative gain, such as reward, and the associated costs, such as allocation of cognitive resources, remain unclear. In this study, we show that week-long daily treatment with a serotonergic antidepressant enhances a willingness to gather information when trying to maximize reward. Computational modelling indicates this arises from a reduced perception of aversive costs, rendering information gathering less cognitively effortful. This finding points to a candidate mechanism by which serotonergic treatment might help alleviate motivational deficits in a range of mental illnesses.

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“…Both social cognition and metacognition are important predictors of functional outcome when assessed globally [14,[17][18][19], but even specific subdomains of both constructs have distinct impacts on the disorder. The Jumping to Conclusions bias (JTC) has specific associations with neurocognition [20][21][22][23], inaccurate processing of social information [24], worse outcome [25], delusion forming and severity [21,26,27], and suicidal behavior [28]. Clinical insight has been related to treatment compliance, quality of life, depression, and symptoms among others [17,[29][30][31] but seems to be independent of neurocognition [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Ferrer-Quintero

Fernández

Lorente-Rovira

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex differences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with first-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profile analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specific male profile characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specific female profile characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profile seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological deficits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may benefit from specific targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions.

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Jumping to conclusions and suicidal behavior in depression and psychosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder

Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder

Boosting Serotonin Increases Information Gathering by Reducing Subjective Cognitive Costs

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

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