The aim of this paper is devoted to the coupling of ventilation systems with buildings with low energy performances under a specific Saharan climate. In the second part, the objective is to diagnose and quantify energy consumptions due to the ventilation of a real residential building in Ghardaia site. As result, ventilation system can bring a positive support to the thermo-aeraulic comfort by controlling the mass flow rate of the air entering to the heated or/and cooled building zone. Heat losses due to the ventilation system represent 4.75% of the total losses; the provided heat exchange in this case requires an additional consumption of around 6.6058% of the total energy needs.