Judgment policy and interpersonal learning

Summers, David A.; Taliaferro, J. Dale; Fletcher, Donna J.

doi:10.1002/bs.3830150605

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, we assume the reader is familiar with the MCPL paradigm; several excellent reviews are readily available (Brehmer, 1980;Hammond et al, 1980). In addition, the review is essentially limited to research on metric MCPL tasks with individuals, thereby excluding research on CFB in nonmetric tasks (Castellan, 1974;Castellan & Swaine, 1977), studies of cognitive conflict (Hammond, 1973) and interpersonal learning (Summers et al, 1970), and group decision making (Deane, 1979;Rohrbaugh, 1979Rohrbaugh, , 1981; we have, however, referred to these studies when they are directly relevant to a particular issue. Finally, because an essential purpose of this article is to determine the role of the cognitive component of CFB, the studies reviewed are only those that provide some form of Cl; we have not exhaustively reviewed Tl-only studies, but we refer to such studies when they are particularly relevant.…”

Section: Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nystedt and Magnusson (1973) had their subjects predict grades in introductory psychology. Other task contents have included the prediction of socioeconomic growth for hypothetical underdeveloped countries (Summers, Taliaferro, & Fletcher, 1970), the order of finish in horse races (Rohrbaugh, 1979, 1981), and fictitious medical diagnosis tasks (Brehmer & Johansson, 1977; Brehmer & Qvarnström, 1973; Lindell, 1976).…”

Section: Task Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of cognitive feedback on performance.

Balzer

Doherty²,

O'Connor³

1989

Psychological Bulletin

405

285

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This presents a comprehensive review of the empirical literature bearing on the effects of cognitive feedback (CFB) on multiple measures of performance. CEB refers to the process of presenting the person information about the relations in the environment (task information [TI]), relations perceived by the person (cognitive information [CIj), and relations between the environment and the person's perceptions of the environment (functional validity information [FVI]). Overall, CFB does improve performance on judgment tasks. Specifically, the research indicates that TI rather than CI is the aspect of CFB that influences performance. Factors influencing the effects of CFB on performance are discussed, and both current and potential applications of CFB are explored.A major theme emerging from extensive work in cognitive psychology is that people are limited in their ability to process information in uncertain environments (Nisbett & Ross, 1980), notably so with respect to human judgment and decision making (Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, 1982). Research has shown that people have difficulty inferring environmental relationships from unaided experience (Brehmer, 1980) and often lack sufficient insight into their judgment strategies to permit them to communicate those strategies (Balke, Hammond, & Meyer, 1973). More effective judgment and decision making would enhance the lives of individuals and the performance of organizations, and researchers have devoted considerable attention to investigating means of improving these cognitive activities

show abstract

Section: Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Task Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cognitive feedback on performance.

Balzer

Doherty²,

O'Connor³

1989

Psychological Bulletin

405

285

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there is less agreement on the question of what information should be included in effective feedback. Past research has clearly indicated that outcome-based feedback does not lead to improvement in task performance, (Deane, Hammond, & Summers, 1972;Hammond, 197 1 ;Summers, Taliaferro & Fletcher, 1970;Todd & Hammond, 1965) and in some cases can actually hinder performance (Hammond, Summers, & Deane, 1973). Thus, researchers have tumed to evaluating process-based feedback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What to do or What Not to Do?: Identifying the Content of Effective Feedback

Buff

Campbell

2002

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While previous research strongly indicates that training feedback is more effective when it includes information about the processes underlying performance, rather than only detailing the outcome of leamer actions, there are still many open questions about the content of optimally effective feedback. In particular, there is some disagreement in the literature as to whether process-based feedback should focus on a diagnostic critique of the student processes, or simply present information about the processes associated with skilled or expert performance. This research investigates the appropriate content of process-based feedback in a complex, dynamic, military task. Fuzzy logic was used to abstract pattems from performance data and form the basis of process-based feedback. We found that process-based feedback led to significant performance improvements, while outcome-based feedback did not, and that diagnostic feedback did not lead to greater performance improvement than providing information about expert processes.

show abstract

“…While some have claimed that the discrepancy between self-reported and applied decision-making policies demonstrate a lack of self-insight (e.g., Summers, Taliaferro, & Fletcher, 1970;Ullman & Doherty, 1984) and an inability to access cognitive processes (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977), others note that self-reported decision-making may be biased by social desirability and the limits of memory (Brookhouse, Guion, & Doherty;1986;Shepard6031416991, 1964). Future research could explore if the self-reports represent a genuine lack of insight or if they reflect a bias in reporting.…”

Section: Police Discretion In Rape 22mentioning

confidence: 99%