The optical properties of Nd 3+ ions embedded in fluorochlorozirconate glasses were studied, addressing in particular the effect of BaCl 2 nanocrystal growth in the matrix upon annealing. A Judd−Ofelt analysis for these glasses and for a Nd 3+ -doped fluorozirconate reference glass without nanocrystals yielded various radiative decay rates as a function of nanocrystal size. For the 4 F 3/2 to 4 I 9/2 transition, where multiphonon relaxation is negligible, the rates agree very well with experimental results. Further support for the validity of the Judd−Ofelt results was obtained using an alternative approach for the determination of radiative decay rates involving emission and absorption spectra and their connection through the McCumber theory and the Fuchtbauer−Ladenburg equation. The obtained variations of the Judd− Ofelt intensity parameters Ω λ reflect systematic changes in the local environment of the Nd 3+ ions as an effect of the BaCl 2 nanocrystal growth, indicating partial inclusion of Nd 3+ into the nanocrystals.