Jordanian Women’s Political Participation in The Nineteenth Parliament Elections (2020): The Beginning of the Political Rise of Jordanian Women?

Abstract

Objectives: This study seeks to elucidate the significance of Jordanian women's political engagement in parliamentary elections by assessing their participation rights, examining the process of women's candidacy within the quota system, and evaluating their representation in open electoral competition. Methods: The research used the descriptive analytical method to identify the nature of Jordanian women's participation in the elections of the nineteenth parliament for (2020). This was conducted by analyzing the texts of the Jordanian Constitution and those of the Election Law for the parliament as well as identifying their contents, implications and objectives to find appropriate solutions to ensure the participation of Jordanian women in the parliamentary elections in addition to the study and analysis of statistical tables. Results: The results indicated that the Parliament’s Election Law granted Jordanian women the right to vote for membership in the Parliament while the Jordanian women participated as voters and candidates in the 19th Parliament elections for the year (2020). Yet, the results showed that the Election Law specified a mechanism for Jordanian women's candidacy for the women's quota and determined the extent of Jordanian women's representation through free competition for the electoral district. Conclusions: The study recommended the necessity that the competent authorities in Jordan shall review the Election Law for the Parliament periodically together with the need to amend the Election Law to specify a quota for women in the seats allocated to the Circassians, Chechens and Christians to ensure real equality in rights and duties between men and women

Legal Regulation of Insurance against Cyber-Attack Risks

“…From a jurisprudence point of view, cybercrime is a category of criminal activities that involve the use of electronic tools or devices connected to the Internet. Cybercrime requires specialized control over computer technology and information systems to be committed, investigated, prosecuted, and held accountable (Khashashneh et al, 2023;Al-Billeh & Abu Issa, 2023b).…”

Legal Status of Coastal Deprived States: Trapped States

“…Moreover, recognized this principle in the Geneva Convention on the High Seas, whereby a State possessing beaches is obliged to facilitate the communication of States located between the sea and that State (Bardin, 2002;Al-Billeh & Abu Issa, 2023a); this is done through the conventions concluded between States so that these conventions grant trapped States the right of transit in the territories of the States separated from the sea. In such a way that ships of a state's nationality are treated like that accorded by States to their vessels or ships of other States concerning entry and use of ports; in the absence of agreements linking States, such States deal with issues relating to the free transit of trapped States and their right to equal treatment with other States concerning the use of ports, through a memorandum of understanding between the parties (Ghanem, 1960;Al-Billeh & Abu Issa, 2023b).…”

Electronic Notifications in Jordanian Law

“…In the opinion of the researchers, the Jordanian legislator may include a provision in the system for the use of technological means of non-compliance within a certain time for electronic reporting. The notification to the addressee may be delayed because of the failure of the electronic system used by the Ministry of Justice or because of a failure on the Internet because of enormous pressure on it (McKnight & Thomason, 2009;Khashashneh et al, 2023;Al-Billeh & Abu Issa, 2023b).…”