Joint toxic action of binary metal mixtures of copper, manganese and nickel to Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola)

Dynamic interaction processes of rare earth metal mixtures in terrestrial organisms interpreted by toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic model

“…The reduced damage rate of La/Ce reflects the existence of antagonistic interactions at the target level between La and Ce during the toxicodynamic process. Previous studies found that whether the presence of one metal could interact with other metals at the target level depends on the differences in the properties and modes of action of metals (Son et al, 2016). Charles et al (2014) demonstrated that synergetic and antagonistic interactions occurred between Cu and Ni during the toxicodynamic process, depending on their respective concentrations in the mixture.…”

Determination and reduced life expectancy model and molecular docking analyses of estrogenic potentials of 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A and nonylphenol on expression of vitellogenin gene (vtg1) in zebrafish

“…periods (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). In order to unify the TU ratio of individual compound in combined exposure solutions by the Toxic Unit (TU) method (Son et al, 2016), we used the EC of NP of 5 µg/L, and the nominal concentration of NP in combined exposure solutions was obtained accordingly. Five different concentrations for binary mixtures of E , BPA and NP were prepared at concentrations of ∑0.75TU, ∑1.0TU, ∑1.25TU, ∑1.5TU, and ∑1.75TU (their corresponding sums of toxic unit, ΣTU) by applying the Toxic unit (TU) approach.…”

Effects of Subchronic Copper Poisoning on Cecal Histology and Its Microflora in Chickens

“…Cu can play a catalytic role as an important cofactor of various biological enzymes involved in immune function, protein synthesis, antioxidant defense, and energy metabolism. So adding high copper to diets has become a common practice to improve the production performance of livestock and poultry (Son et al, 2016;Berwanger et al, 2018).…”

“…Cu can play a catalytic role as an important cofactor of various biological enzymes involved in immune function, protein synthesis, antioxidant defense, and energy metabolism. So adding high copper to diets has become a common practice to improve the production performance of livestock and poultry ( Son et al, 2016 ; Berwanger et al, 2018 ). However, it has also been shown that Cu has the ability to inhibit immune response and increase the susceptibility of the host to pathogens ( Zhao et al, 2018 ; Ruan et al, 2019 ).…”