Joint Stimulation-Water Shut-off Technology Leads to Extra Oil from Mature Fields

Kosztin, B.; Ferdiansyah, Erik; Zadjali, Faris Al; Sharji, Hamed; Al-Maamari, Khalid; Al-Salmani, S.

doi:10.2118/149658-ms

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high repulsivity of NH 2 þ and NH 3 þ groups in the acidic media increased the swelling ratio of the PPG as a result of an increase in the separation between the molecules in the gel, which created more space for water to enter; however, if the pH decreased too much, a screening effect of the counter ions (i.e., Cl -) shielded the charge of the cations and prevented an efficient repulsion. The accompanying release of ions reduced the internal osmotic pressure sharply, thus reducing the water absorbency (Mahdavinia et al 2004;Zhao et al 2005). Fig.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Hydrochloric Acid To Remove Filter-Cake Damage From Preformed Particle Gel During Conformance-Control Treatments

Imqam

Bai

Wei

et al. 2016

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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Millimeter-sized (10-mm to mm) preformed particle gel (PPG) has been used to control water flow through superhigh-permeability zones and fracture zones in mature oil fields. When the PPG is extruded into target zones, the gel can form a cake on the surface of low-permeability, unswept formations. This cake reduces the effectiveness of conformance control and the amount of oil that can be recovered from unswept oil formations. Thus, this study evaluated the effectiveness of using hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove gel cakes induced during conformance-control treatments.The interactions between HCl and PPG were evaluated to understand the swelling, deswelling, and gel strength after adding acid. A Hassler core holder was then used to determine the core permeability after gel and acid treatments. Gels swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05, 1, and 10% were injected into a sandstone core having a variety of permeabilities. Brine was then injected in cycles through the gel into the core. The core permeability was measured after the gel-particle injection and after the core surface of the gel cake was soaked in the acid solution for 12 hours. The results indicate that particles swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05% caused more damage than those swollen in higher concentrations of brine. The damage increased as the core permeability increased for all the swollen gels. HCl removed the gel cake effectively; varying the HCl concentration did not cause a significant difference in the gel-cake removal efficiency. The gel was found to swell much less in HCl solutions than in brine. After the gel was deswollen in acid, the gel strengths were found to be higher than when the gel was swollen in brine. This work concludes that HCl can be used effectively to mitigate the damage induced by PPGs.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Hydrochloric Acid To Remove Filter-Cake Damage From Preformed Particle Gel During Conformance-Control Treatments

Imqam

Bai

Wei

et al. 2016

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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“…In addition to acid diversion, it inherently subsequently reduces formation permeability to water with little effect on hydrocarbon permeability (no cleanup stage required). In many instances, a reduction in water cut was observed after the acid stimulation treatment, which is attributed mainly to the RPM (Reza et al 2006;Kosztin et al 2012).…”

Section: Combination Of the Rpm With Acid (Matrix And Non-matrix) Stimentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Implementation of a Relative Permeability Modifier during Stimulation Treatments: Case Histories and Lessons Learned After More than 3,000 Treatments

Vasquez

Eoff

2013

All Days

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Relative permeability modifiers (RPMs) have been used by the oil and gas industry for more than two decades to selectively help reduce excessive formation water production. RPM systems are appealing to operators because their deployment simplicity requires no zonal isolation (i.e., bullhead-type treatments). This paper discusses the application of a novel RPM system that was originally developed for water control; however, its application was extended to hydraulic fracturing, acid stimulation, overbalanced workover interventions, and waterflooding.This RPM system is based on a hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer that, once adsorbed to the surface of the rock, selectively reduces the effective permeability to any aqueous fluid with little or no damage to oil or gas production in both injection and production modes. The hydrophobic modification to the base polymer chain adds unique associative properties to the system that allow multiple novel applications. The following applications are discussed in this paper: (1) the combination of the RPMs with hydraulic fracturing stimulation treatments in intervals previously bypassed because of their proximity to mobile water zones; (2) the combination of RPMs with acid (matrix and non-matrix) stimulation treatments used as a diverting and water control agent; (3) RPMs during overbalanced workover interventions (i.e., wellbore cleanouts, tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP), and gravel packing) used as a fluid-loss control agent; and (4) RPMs during waterflooding for improved profile modification as a diverting agent. Because this RPM does not affect hydrocarbon permeability, this system does not require the use of breakers or a cleanup stage, eliminating possible negative impacts on post-stimulation well productivity.To date, more than 3,000 treatments have been performed with this RPM system. This paper discusses the RPM performance testing and a wide variety of case histories detailing the applications described in different types of reservoirs and wellbore completions.

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“…In many instances, reduced water cut was observed after the acid stimulation treatment, which was attributed mainly to the SFAD (Reza et al 2006;Kosztin et al 2012). The SFAD system is typically placed in alternating stages with the acid throughout the entire treatment.…”

Section: Combination Of the Sfad With Acid (Matrix And Non-matrix) Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Control while Acidizing: Case Histories and Lessons Learned After More than 2,000 Well Interventions

Vasquez

2013

All Days

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Effective diversion of acidizing treatments is a key parameter to successfully removing near-wellbore (NWB) formation damage, especially when dealing with long intervals and/or highly heterogeneous formations with high permeability contrast. Additionally, acid stimulating wells already producing at high water cut can many times result in significant increase to the undesired water product rather than the hydrocarbon rates. This paper discusses the application of a novel solids-free acid diverter (SFAD) system that was originally developed for water control. However, because of the unique set of properties exhibited by the system, its application was extended to acid stimulation with two main objectives: (1) effective acid diversion and (2) water control. The SFAD system performs as a low-viscosity, solids-free diverter agent, opposed to the plugging mechanism of typical particulate or viscous diverters, helping guide acid away from high-permeability zones and into lower-permeability zones. The SFAD system is typically placed in alternating stages with the acid throughout the entire treatment.This SFAD system is based on a hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer that, once adsorbed to the surface of the rock, selectively reduces the effective permeability to any aqueous-based fluid (including acid) with little or no damage to oil or gas production, in both injection and production modes. The hydrophobic modification to the base polymer chain adds unique associative properties to the system that allows diversion of water-based treatments. The system changes the effective permeability to water of the zones where it is adsorbed; the subsequent acid stage is then diverted to other zones. Because this system does not affect hydrocarbon permeability, it does not require the use of breakers or a cleanup stage, eliminating possible negative impact to post-stimulation well productivity. In many instances, a reduction in water cut has been observed after the acid stimulation treatment, which is attributed mainly to the SFAD property to selectively reduced water permeability.To date, more than 2,000 treatments have been performed with this SFAD system during matrix and non-matrix acid stimulation treatments. Although the primary objective of the SFAD system has been acid diversion, it has been also used for water control when acidizing high-watercut wells and/or acidizing nearby a water-producing zone. This paper discusses the SFAD system performance testing and a wide variety of case histories detailing the applications described in different types of reservoirs and wellbore completions. Onshore and offshore case histories are presented.

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Joint Stimulation-Water Shut-off Technology Leads to Extra Oil from Mature Fields

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Use of Hydrochloric Acid To Remove Filter-Cake Damage From Preformed Particle Gel During Conformance-Control Treatments

Use of Hydrochloric Acid To Remove Filter-Cake Damage From Preformed Particle Gel During Conformance-Control Treatments

Field Implementation of a Relative Permeability Modifier during Stimulation Treatments: Case Histories and Lessons Learned After More than 3,000 Treatments

Water Control while Acidizing: Case Histories and Lessons Learned After More than 2,000 Well Interventions

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