Joint reconstruction using sternocleidomastoid tendon autograft as a treatment for traumatic posterior dislocation of sternoclavicular joint: A case report
Abstract:IntroductionPosterior sternoclavicular joint dislocations are extremely rare and emergent injuries.Presentation of caseWe presented a case of a seventeen-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with traumatic posterior dislocation. He underwent joint reconstruction using sternocleidomastoid tendon autograft, and the operation went well.DiscussionAt four-week and fourteen-week follow-up post-operatively revealed a surgical wound that healed well, regained stable sternoclavicular joint that was marked by a norma… Show more
“…Soft-tissue autografts such as gracilis or semitendinosus tendon grafts have been recommended because of their strong tensile properties (Figure 5). 11,12 A semitendinosus allograft has also been used in young, active patients with good results. 13 A figure-of-eight reconstruction was evaluated in a biomechanical analysis and found to provide relatively robust fixation for the SC joint.…”
Section: Ligament Repair and Reconstructionmentioning
Acute dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are uncommon injuries, and it is difficult for physicians to develop expertise in treating these injuries because of their infrequent nature. No level I evidence currently exists for these injuries, but several retrospective studies and surgical techniques have been described. For acute injuries, current recommendations include early treatment with closed reduction. If unable to attain or maintain reduction after a closed attempt, open management should be considered. Previous reviews have outlined relevant anatomy, physical examination findings, and imaging for these injuries. This article aims to review updated information from the past decade regarding techniques for reduction, outcomes, and complications related to the injury and surgical management.
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint dislocations are an uncommon injury and account for 1% to 3% of all injuries to the upper extremity. Anterior SC joint dislocations are estimated to occur three times more frequently than posterior dislocations. A posterior dislocation may result in lifethreatening conditions given the proximity to mediastinal structures. 1,2 An SC joint dislocation can be described in the direction of displacement of the medial clavicle (anterior or posterior), the chronicity (acute, subacute, or chronic), and the degree of displacement (capsular sprain, subluxation, and dislocation). 1,2 Previous reviews have outlined relevant anatomy, physical examination findings, and imaging for these injuries. 2 This article aims to highlight updated information from the past decade regarding outcomes, techniques, and complications for acute anterior or posterior SC joint dislocations.
“…Soft-tissue autografts such as gracilis or semitendinosus tendon grafts have been recommended because of their strong tensile properties (Figure 5). 11,12 A semitendinosus allograft has also been used in young, active patients with good results. 13 A figure-of-eight reconstruction was evaluated in a biomechanical analysis and found to provide relatively robust fixation for the SC joint.…”
Section: Ligament Repair and Reconstructionmentioning
Acute dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are uncommon injuries, and it is difficult for physicians to develop expertise in treating these injuries because of their infrequent nature. No level I evidence currently exists for these injuries, but several retrospective studies and surgical techniques have been described. For acute injuries, current recommendations include early treatment with closed reduction. If unable to attain or maintain reduction after a closed attempt, open management should be considered. Previous reviews have outlined relevant anatomy, physical examination findings, and imaging for these injuries. This article aims to review updated information from the past decade regarding techniques for reduction, outcomes, and complications related to the injury and surgical management.
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint dislocations are an uncommon injury and account for 1% to 3% of all injuries to the upper extremity. Anterior SC joint dislocations are estimated to occur three times more frequently than posterior dislocations. A posterior dislocation may result in lifethreatening conditions given the proximity to mediastinal structures. 1,2 An SC joint dislocation can be described in the direction of displacement of the medial clavicle (anterior or posterior), the chronicity (acute, subacute, or chronic), and the degree of displacement (capsular sprain, subluxation, and dislocation). 1,2 Previous reviews have outlined relevant anatomy, physical examination findings, and imaging for these injuries. 2 This article aims to highlight updated information from the past decade regarding outcomes, techniques, and complications for acute anterior or posterior SC joint dislocations.
“…Real dislocations of the SCJ and the ACJ in childhood and adolescence are very rare injuries [7,8,16,17]. Therefore, generally valid therapy recommendations are missing, both in terms of the indication for the conservative versus operative therapy, as well as the particular surgical reconstruction and fixation techniques [10].…”
Background
Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint (anterior/posterior) and acromioclavicular joint (SCJ and ACJ, respectively) are rare injuries in childhood/adolescence, each having its own special characteristics. In posterior SCJ dislocation, the concomitant injuries in the upper mediastinum are most important complication, while in anterior SCJ dislocation there is a risk of permanent or recurrent instability.
Methods
In a retrospective analysis from seven pediatric trauma centers under the leadership of the Section of Pediatric Traumatology of the German Trauma Society, children (<18 years) were analyzed with focus on age, gender, trauma mechanism, diagnostics, treatment strategy and follow-up results. Additional epidemiological big data analysis from routine data was done.
Results
In total 24 cases with an average age of 14.4 years (23 boys, 1 girl) could be evaluated (7x ACJ dislocation type ≥ Rockwood III; 17x SCJ dislocation type Allman III, including 12 posterior). All ACJ dislocations were treated surgically. Postoperative immobilization lasted 3–6 weeks, after which a movement limit of 90 degrees was recommended until implant removal. Patients with SCJ dislocation were posterior dislocations in 75%, and 15 of 17 were treated surgically. One patient had a tendency toward sub-dislocation and another had a relapse. Conservatively treated injuries healed without complications. Compared to adults, SCJ injuries were equally rarely found in children (< 1% of clavicle-associated injuries), while pediatric ACJ dislocations were significantly less frequent (p<0.001).
Conclusions
In cases of SCJ dislocations, our cohort analysis confirmed both the heterogeneous spectrum of the treatment strategies in addition to the problems/complications based on previous literature. The indication for the operative or conservative approach and for the specific method is not standardized. In order to be able to create evidence-based standards, a prospective, multicenter-study with a sufficiently long follow-up time would be necessary due to the rarity of these injuries in children. The rarity was emphasized by our routine data analysis.
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